Exam Code : ABPANC-CPAN
Exam Name : ABPANC Certified Post Anesthesia Nurse
Vendor Name :
"Nursing"
Which of the following is an example of a fluid and electrolyte imbalance?
Hyperphosphatemia with a serum phosphate level of 3.0 mg/dL.
Hyperkalemia with a serum potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L.
Hypocalcemia with a serum calcium level of 9.0 mg/dL.
Hyponatremia with a serum sodium level of 135 mEq/L.
Answer: D
Explanation: Hyponatremia, indicated by a low serum sodium level (135 mEq/L), is an example of a fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium level), hypocalcemia (low serum calcium level), and hyperphosphatemia (elevated serum phosphate level) are also fluid and electrolyte imbalances, but in this case, the correct answer is hyponatremia.
Which of the following is an important aspect of airway management during anesthesia?
Maintaining a patent intravenous (IV) line.
Ensuring adequate oxygen supply to the patient.
Monitoring blood pressure continuously.
Administering post-operative pain medication.
Answer: B
Explanation: Ensuring adequate oxygen supply to the patient is an essential aspect of airway management during anesthesia. This involves proper positioning, maintaining a clear airway, and delivering oxygen either through a
mask or an endotracheal tube. While the other options are important aspects of perioperative care, they are not directly related to airway management.
Which of the following is a pharmacodynamic effect of opioids used in post- operative pain management?
Sedation
Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
Muscle relaxation
Answer: A
Explanation: Opioids are commonly used for post-operative pain management due to their analgesic properties. One of the pharmacodynamic effects of opioids is sedation. Opioids can depress the central nervous system, leading to a calming and sedative effect. This sedative effect can help alleviate pain and promote rest in post-operative patients. However, it is important for the post- anesthesia nurse to closely monitor the level of sedation and respiratory status to ensure safety and prevent complications such as respiratory depression.
Which of the following is a key consideration in thermoregulation during the post-anesthesia period?
Monitoring blood glucose levels.
Administering prophylactic antibiotics.
Assessing pain intensity.
Maintaining normothermia.
Explanation: Maintaining normothermia (normal body temperature) is a key consideration in thermoregulation during the post-anesthesia period. Hypothermia or hyperthermia can have adverse effects on the patient's recovery and outcomes. While the other options are important aspects of post-anesthesia care, they are not directly related to thermoregulation.
Which of the following is an example of an abnormal diagnostic value?
Hemoglobin level of 14 g/dL in a healthy adult male.
Serum creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dL in a patient with kidney disease.
Platelet count of 300,000/mm3 in a pregnant woman.
Blood glucose level of 90 mg/dL in a fasting patient.
Answer: B
Explanation: A serum creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dL in a patient with kidney disease is an abnormal diagnostic value. The normal range for serum creatinine varies depending on factors such as age, sex, and muscle mass. In this case, the elevated creatinine level indicates impaired kidney function.
Which of the following is a potential complication of anesthesia?
Post-operative pain.
Surgical site infection.
Anxiety and restlessness.
Nausea and vomiting.
Explanation: Nausea and vomiting are potential complications of anesthesia. They can occur as side effects of anesthesia medications or as a response to the surgical procedure. Post-operative pain, surgical site infection, and anxiety are also common concerns but are not specific complications related to anesthesia.
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of moderate sedation?
Unconsciousness
Loss of protective reflexes
Ability to respond purposefully to verbal commands
Depressed ventilation
Answer: C
Explanation: The ability to respond purposefully to verbal commands is a hallmark feature of moderate sedation. Moderate sedation, also known as conscious sedation, is a state of depressed consciousness where patients remain responsive and able to maintain their own airway. They can follow simple commands, cooperate with procedures, and retain protective reflexes. This level of sedation is commonly used for minor surgical procedures and diagnostic interventions.
Which of the following laboratory values is considered abnormal for serum sodium (Na+) levels?
135 mEq/L
152 mEq/L
147 mEq/L
142 mEq/L
Answer: B
Explanation: A serum sodium level of 152 mEq/L is considered abnormal. The normal range for serum sodium levels is typically between 135-145 mEq/L. Values below or above this range may indicate hyponatremia or hypernatremia, respectively. Abnormal sodium levels can have significant implications for fluid and electrolyte balance, neuromuscular function, and overall patient well- being.
Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for the assessment and management of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV)?
Administering antiemetic medications as a routine prophylactic measure
Encouraging the patient to consume a large meal immediately after surgery
Limiting fluid intake to prevent nausea and vomiting
Providing ginger-based products as adjunctive therapy
Answer: D
Explanation: Providing ginger-based products as adjunctive therapy is an appropriate nursing intervention for the assessment and management of post- operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV). Ginger has shown some effectiveness in reducing nausea and vomiting and can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention in addition to standard antiemetic medications. However, individual patient preferences
and contraindications should be considered when implementing this intervention.
Which of the following is an acceptable deviation from normal physiologic states during the immediate post-anesthesia period?
Respiratory rate decrease of 5 breaths per minute
Heart rate increase of 20 beats per minute
Systolic blood pressure decrease of 15 mmHg
Oxygen saturation decrease of 2%
Answer: C
Explanation: A systolic blood pressure decrease of up to 15 mmHg is considered an acceptable deviation from normal physiologic states during the immediate post-anesthesia period. This slight decrease in blood pressure can be attributed to the effects of anesthesia and surgical stress. However, any significant deviation from normal values should be promptly assessed and managed to ensure patient safety and stability.
Which of the following is an acceptable deviation from normal physiologic states during anesthesia?
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Hyperthermia
Bradypnea
Answer: B
Explanation: During anesthesia, certain deviations from normal physiologic states may be expected or considered acceptable within a safe range. Bradycardia, a slower than normal heart rate, can be a common occurrence during anesthesia and may be caused by the effects of anesthetics on the cardiovascular system. While it is important to monitor and address bradycardia if it becomes severe or symptomatic, mild to moderate bradycardia within an acceptable range may not require immediate intervention. The post-anesthesia nurse should closely monitor the patient's vital signs and intervene if any deviations from normal physiologic states become clinically significant.
Which of the following is an acceptable deviation from a normal physiologic state during anesthesia?
Hypotension with a systolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg.
Bradycardia with a heart rate of 50 beats per minute.
Hypoxemia with an arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of 90%.
Hypercapnia with a partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 50 mmHg.
Answer: D
Explanation: Hypercapnia, indicated by an elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), can be an acceptable deviation from a normal physiologic state during anesthesia. The body compensates for the increased carbon dioxide by adjusting the respiratory rate and depth to maintain pH balance. However, the other options (hypotension, bradycardia, and hypoxemia) are generally considered abnormal and may require intervention.
Which of the following is an example of a surgical intervention that may require special considerations in the perianesthesia care of a patient?
Splint application
Dental cleaning
Simple skin biopsy
Cataract extraction
Answer: D
Explanation: Cataract extraction is an example of a surgical intervention that may require special considerations in the perianesthesia care of a patient. Cataract surgery involves intraocular manipulation and requires specific precautions, such as maintaining stable intraocular pressure, ensuring a clear visual field, and preventing infection. Perianesthesia nurses should be knowledgeable about the unique requirements and potential complications associated with different surgical interventions to provide safe and effective care to their patients.
Which of the following is a potential complication associated with airway management during the perianesthesia period?
Hypertension
Aspiration
Hypoglycemia
Bradycardia
Explanation: Aspiration is a potential complication associated with airway management during the perianesthesia period. Aspiration occurs when gastric contents enter the respiratory system, leading to lung injury and potential complications such as pneumonia and respiratory distress. Proper airway management techniques, including the use of endotracheal tubes or supraglottic airway devices, can help minimize the risk of aspiration and ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation.
The cardiovascular system is responsible for:
Facilitating oxygen and nutrient exchange.
Regulating body temperature.
Controlling voluntary movements.
Regulating hormone production.
Answer: A
Explanation: The cardiovascular system is responsible for the circulation of blood throughout the body, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and organs. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for thermoregulation during the perianesthesia period?
Administering antipyretic medication prophylactically
Applying ice packs to the patient's body
Placing the patient in a cool room
Using warmed blankets or forced-air warming devices
Answer: D
Explanation: Using warmed blankets or forced-air warming devices is an appropriate nursing intervention for thermoregulation during the perianesthesia period. Maintaining normothermia is crucial to prevent hypothermia, which can lead to adverse outcomes such as increased surgical site infections, coagulopathies, and prolonged recovery. Warm blankets and forced-air warming devices help prevent heat loss andfacilitate the maintenance of the patient's core body temperature within the normal range.
Which of the following is a potential complication associated with airway management during anesthesia?
Urinary retention
Hypoglycemia
Bronchospasm
Hemorrhage
Answer: C
Explanation: Airway management is a critical aspect of anesthesia care, and complications can arise during this process. Bronchospasm, the constriction of the airway smooth muscles, is a potential complication that can occur during intubation or the administration of anesthesia. It can lead to difficulty in maintaining adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Prompt recognition and management of bronchospasm are necessary to ensure the patient's airway is protected and oxygenation is maintained. The post-anesthesia nurse should be
prepared to respond to such complications and collaborate with the anesthesia provider to implement appropriate interventions.
Which of the following statements best describes evidence-based practice?
Relying solely on personal experience and intuition when making clinical decisions.
Following traditional practices and routines in patient care.
Implementing interventions based on current research evidence and clinical expertise.
Making decisions solely based on patient preferences and values.
Answer: C
Explanation: Evidence-based practice involves integrating current research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to inform clinical decision- making and guide interventions. It emphasizes the use of the best available evidence to provide high-quality, safe, and effective care to patients.
Which of the following stages of anesthesia is characterized by loss of consciousness, amnesia, and analgesia?
Stage II
Stage I
Stage III
Stage IV
Answer: B
Explanation: Stage I of anesthesia, also known as the induction phase, is characterized by the loss of consciousness, amnesia (loss of memory), and analgesia (absence of pain sensation). During this stage, the patient transitions from wakefulness to a state of unconsciousness, and the anesthesia provider establishes and maintains the desired level of anesthesia for the surgical procedure. It is important for the post-anesthesia nurse to closely monitor the patient's vital signs and ensure a smooth transition to the subsequent stages of anesthesia.
Which phase of the Perianesthesia Continuum of Care involves the immediate post-anesthesia recovery in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)?
Preadmission phase
Phase I recovery phase
Day of surgery/procedure phase
Phase II recovery phase
Answer: B
Explanation: Phase I recovery phase, also known as the immediate post- anesthesia recovery phase, occurs in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). During this phase, the patient is closely monitored as they emerge from anesthesia and recover from the effects of surgery or the procedure. The post- anesthesia nurse assesses the patient's vital signs, pain level, airway status, and overall recovery. Interventions such as pain management, oxygen therapy, and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prevention may be initiated during this phase. The goal is to stabilize the patient and prepare them for transfer to the next phase of recovery or discharge.
Which of the following is an example of a comorbidity that may impact the post-anesthesia care of a patient?
Iron-deficiency anemia
Hyperthyroidism
Asthma
Osteoarthritis
Answer: C
Explanation: Asthma is an example of a comorbidity that may impact the post- anesthesia care of a patient. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, which can be exacerbated by anesthesia and surgical stress. Patients with asthma may require careful monitoring of their respiratory status, optimization of bronchodilator therapy, and proactive management of potential triggers to prevent or minimize asthma-related complications during the post-anesthesia period.
Which of the following is an example of a pharmacological intervention commonly used during anesthesia?
Intravenous fluid administration.
Physical therapy.
Deep breathing exercises.
Therapeutic touch.
Answer: A
Explanation: Intravenous fluid administration is an example of a pharmacological intervention commonly used during anesthesia. It involves the administration of fluids, such as crystalloids or colloids, to maintain adequate hydration and support hemodynamic stability. The other options (deep breathing exercises, physical therapy, and therapeutic touch) are non- pharmacological interventions.
Which of the following is a primary goal of acute and chronic pain assessment and management in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)?
Minimization of pain intensity to a tolerable level
Complete elimination of pain
Delaying pain medication administration to promote early mobilization
Relying solely on non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief
Answer: A
Explanation: The primary goal of acute and chronic pain assessment and management in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) is the minimization of pain intensity to a tolerable level. While complete elimination of pain may not always be achievable, it is essential to provide effective pain relief that allows patients to remain comfortable and functional. Pharmacological interventions, along with non-pharmacological strategies, should be implemented based on individual patient needs and preferences.
Which of the following anesthesia techniques involves the administration of medications directly into the bloodstream?
Moderate sedation
Regional anesthesia
General anesthesia
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC)
Answer: C
Explanation: General anesthesia is an anesthesia technique that involves the administration of medications directly into the bloodstream to induce a state of unconsciousness and analgesia. These medications typically include intravenous anesthetics and may be supplemented with inhaled anesthetics. General anesthesia allows for complete control of the patient's airway, depth of anesthesia, and muscle relaxation, enabling various surgical procedures to be performed safely and comfortably.
Which of the following is an important aspect of fluid and electrolyte management in the post-anesthesia care setting?
Avoiding intravenous fluid administration
Administering high-dose diuretics
Restricting all oral intake
Monitoring urine output
Answer: D
Explanation: Fluid and electrolyte management is crucial in the post-anesthesia
care setting to maintain adequate hydration, electrolyte balance, and organ perfusion. Monitoring urine output is an important aspect of assessing the patient's fluid status and renal function. Adequate urine output indicates sufficient renal perfusion and helps determine if the patient is adequately hydrated. Abnormal urine output, such as oliguria (decreased urine output) or anuria (absence of urine output), may indicate a need for intervention, such as adjusting fluid administration or assessing for potential complications. The post-anesthesia nurse should closely monitor urine output and collaborate with the healthcare team to ensure appropriate fluid and electrolyte management.