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Nursing

ABPANC-CPAN

ABPANC Certified Post Anesthesia Nurse

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Question: 1

Which of the following is an example of a fluid and electrolyte imbalance?

Hyperphosphatemia with a serum phosphate level of 3.0 mg/dL.
Hyperkalemia with a serum potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L.
Hypocalcemia with a serum calcium level of 9.0 mg/dL.

wer: D

anation: Hyponatremia, indicated by a low serum sodium level (135
/L), is an example of a fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Hyperkalemia ated serum potassium level), hypocalcemia (low serum calcium level) rphosphatemia (elevated serum phosphate level) are also fluid and rolyte imbalances, but in this case, the correct answer is hyponatremia

stion: 2

ch of the following is an important aspect of airway management duri hesia?

aintaining a patent intravenous (IV) line. nsuring adequate oxygen supply to the patient. onitoring blood pressure continuously. dministering post-operative pain medication.
Hyponatremia with a serum sodium level of 135 mEq/L. Ans

Que

M
E
M
A

Explanation: Ensuring adequate oxygen supply to the patient is an essential aspect of airway management during anesthesia. This involves proper positioning, maintaining a clear airway, and delivering oxygen either through a

mask or an endotracheal tube. While the other options are important aspects of perioperative care, they are not directly related to airway management.

Question: 3

Which of the following is a pharmacodynamic effect of opioids used in post- operative pain management?

edation asodilation ronchodilation uscle relaxation

anation: Opioids are commonly used for post-operative pain manage o their analgesic properties. One of the pharmacodynamic effects of ds is sedation. Opioids can depress the central nervous system, leadin ming and sedative effect. This sedative effect can help alleviate pain a

mote rest in post-operative patients. However, it is important for the po hesia nurse to closely monitor the level of sedation and respiratory sta sure safety and prevent complications such as respiratory depression.

stion: 4

Que

Which of the following is a key consideration in thermoregulation during the post-anesthesia period?

Monitoring blood glucose levels.
Administering prophylactic antibiotics.
Assessing pain intensity.
Maintaining normothermia.

stion: 5

ch of the following is an example of an abnormal diagnostic value? emoglobin level of 14 g/dL in a healthy adult male.

erum creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dL in a patient with kidney disease. atelet count of 300,000/mm3 in a pregnant woman.

lood glucose level of 90 mg/dL in a fasting patient. wer: B

anation: A serum creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dL in a patient with kidne se is an abnormal diagnostic value. The normal range for serum creat varies depending on factors such as age, sex, and muscle mass. In this case

ated creatinine level indicates impaired kidney function.

stion: 6

Explanation: Maintaining normothermia (normal body temperature) is a key consideration in thermoregulation during the post-anesthesia period. Hypothermia or hyperthermia can have adverse effects on the patient's recovery and outcomes. While the other options are important aspects of post-anesthesia care, they are not directly related to thermoregulation.

Que

H
S
Pl
B

Que

Which of the following is a potential complication of anesthesia?

Post-operative pain.
Surgical site infection.
Anxiety and restlessness.
Nausea and vomiting.

Explanation: Nausea and vomiting are potential complications of anesthesia. They can occur as side effects of anesthesia medications or as a response to the surgical procedure. Post-operative pain, surgical site infection, and anxiety are also common concerns but are not specific complications related to anesthesia.

stion: 7

ch of the following is a hallmark feature of moderate sedation? nconsciousness

oss of protective reflexes

bility to respond purposefully to verbal commands epressed ventilation

anation: The ability to respond purposefully to verbal commands is a mark feature of moderate sedation. Moderate sedation, also known as cious sedation, is a state of depressed consciousness where patients re onsive and able to maintain their own airway. They can follow simple mands, cooperate with procedures, and retain protective reflexes. This dation is commonly used for minor surgical procedures and diagnosti

U
L
A
D

Question: 8

Which of the following laboratory values is considered abnormal for serum sodium (Na+) levels?

135 mEq/L
152 mEq/L
147 mEq/L
142 mEq/L Answer: B

mal range for serum sodium levels is typically between 135-145 mEq/L es below or above this range may indicate hyponatremia or hypernatr ectively. Abnormal sodium levels can have significant implications for and electrolyte balance, neuromuscular function, and overall patient w g.

stion: 9

ch of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for the sment and management of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PON ost-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV)?

dministering antiemetic medications as a routine prophylactic measur ncouraging the patient to consume a large meal immediately after sur imiting fluid intake to prevent nausea and vomiting

roviding ginger-based products as adjunctive therapy

Explanation: A serum sodium level of 152 mEq/L is considered abnormal. The nor .

Que

A e
E gery
L
P

Explanation: Providing ginger-based products as adjunctive therapy is an appropriate nursing intervention for the assessment and management of post- operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV). Ginger has shown some effectiveness in reducing nausea and vomiting and can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention in addition to standard antiemetic medications. However, individual patient preferences

and contraindications should be considered when implementing this intervention.

Question: 10

Which of the following is an acceptable deviation from normal physiologic states during the immediate post-anesthesia period?

espiratory rate decrease of 5 breaths per minute eart rate increase of 20 beats per minute

ystolic blood pressure decrease of 15 mmHg xygen saturation decrease of 2%

anation: A systolic blood pressure decrease of up to 15 mmHg is idered an acceptable deviation from normal physiologic states during ediate post-anesthesia period. This slight decrease in blood pressure c buted to the effects of anesthesia and surgical stress. However, any ficant deviation from normal values should be promptly assessed and aged to ensure patient safety and stability.

stion: 11

ch of the following is an acceptable deviation from normal physiologi

attri signi man

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states during anesthesia?

Hypotension
Bradycardia
Hyperthermia
Bradypnea

ecomes severe or symptomatic, mild to moderate bradycardia within ptable range may not require immediate intervention. The post-anesth should closely monitor the patient's vital signs and intervene if any

ations from normal physiologic states become clinically significant.

stion: 12

ch of the following is an acceptable deviation from a normal physiolo during anesthesia?

ypotension with a systolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg. radycardia with a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. ypoxemia with an arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of 90%.

ypercapnia with a partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 50 Hg.

Explanation: During anesthesia, certain deviations from normal physiologic states may be expected or considered acceptable within a safe range. Bradycardia, a slower than normal heart rate, can be a common occurrence during anesthesia and may be caused by the effects of anesthetics on the cardiovascular system. While it is important to monitor and address bradycardia if it b an

Que

H
B
H
H

Explanation: Hypercapnia, indicated by an elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), can be an acceptable deviation from a normal physiologic state during anesthesia. The body compensates for the increased carbon dioxide by adjusting the respiratory rate and depth to maintain pH balance. However, the other options (hypotension, bradycardia, and hypoxemia) are generally considered abnormal and may require intervention.

Which of the following is an example of a surgical intervention that may require special considerations in the perianesthesia care of a patient?

Splint application
Dental cleaning
ataract extraction wer: D
anation: Cataract extraction is an example of a surgical intervention th equire special considerations in the perianesthesia care of a patient. ract surgery involves intraocular manipulation and requires specific autions, such as maintaining stable intraocular pressure, ensuring a cle al field, and preventing infection. Perianesthesia nurses should be wledgeable about the unique requirements and potential complications ciated with different surgical interventions to provide safe and effectiv
o their patients.

stion: 14

ch of the following is a potential complication associated with airway agement during the perianesthesia period?
Simple skin biopsy
C

Que

Hypertension
Aspiration
Hypoglycemia
Bradycardia

enation and ventilation.

stion: 15

ardiovascular system is responsible for: acilitating oxygen and nutrient exchange.

egulating body temperature. ontrolling voluntary movements. egulating hormone production.

anation: The cardiovascular system is responsible for the circulation o throughout the body, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and nutrien ody's tissues and organs. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and bl

Explanation: Aspiration is a potential complication associated with airway management during the perianesthesia period. Aspiration occurs when gastric contents enter the respiratory system, leading to lung injury and potential complications such as pneumonia and respiratory distress. Proper airway management techniques, including the use of endotracheal tubes or supraglottic airway devices, can help minimize the risk of aspiration and ensure adequate oxyg

Que

F
R
C
R

Question: 16

Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for thermoregulation during the perianesthesia period?

Administering antipyretic medication prophylactically
Applying ice packs to the patient's body
Placing the patient in a cool room
Using warmed blankets or forced-air warming devices Answer: D

o adverse outcomes such as increased surgical site infections, ulopathies, and prolonged recovery. Warm blankets and forced-air ming devices help prevent heat loss andfacilitate the maintenance of th nt's core body temperature within the normal range.

stion: 17

ch of the following is a potential complication associated with airway agement during anesthesia?

rinary retention ypoglycemia ronchospasm emorrhage

Explanation: Using warmed blankets or forced-air warming devices is an appropriate nursing intervention for thermoregulation during the perianesthesia period. Maintaining normothermia is crucial to prevent hypothermia, which can lead t

Que

U
H
B
H

Explanation: Airway management is a critical aspect of anesthesia care, and complications can arise during this process. Bronchospasm, the constriction of the airway smooth muscles, is a potential complication that can occur during intubation or the administration of anesthesia. It can lead to difficulty in maintaining adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Prompt recognition and management of bronchospasm are necessary to ensure the patient's airway is protected and oxygenation is maintained. The post-anesthesia nurse should be

prepared to respond to such complications and collaborate with the anesthesia provider to implement appropriate interventions.

Question: 18

Which of the following statements best describes evidence-based practice?

ollowing traditional practices and routines in patient care. mplementing interventions based on current research evidence and clin rtise.

aking decisions solely based on patient preferences and values.

anation: Evidence-based practice involves integrating current research ence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to inform clinical deci ng and guide interventions. It emphasizes the use of the best available ence to provide high-quality, safe, and effective care to patients.

stion: 19

ch of the following stages of anesthesia is characterized by loss of ciousness, amnesia, and analgesia?

Relying solely on personal experience and intuition when making clinical decis

Que

Stage II
Stage I
Stage III
Stage IV

nt's vital signs and ensure a smooth transition to the subsequent stages hesia.

stion: 20

ch phase of the Perianesthesia Continuum of Care involves the immed anesthesia recovery in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)?

readmission phase hase I recovery phase

ay of surgery/procedure phase hase II recovery phase

anation: Phase I recovery phase, also known as the immediate post- hesia recovery phase, occurs in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU).

Explanation: Stage I of anesthesia, also known as the induction phase, is characterized by the loss of consciousness, amnesia (loss of memory), and analgesia (absence of pain sensation). During this stage, the patient transitions from wakefulness to a state of unconsciousness, and the anesthesia provider establishes and maintains the desired level of anesthesia for the surgical procedure. It is important for the post-anesthesia nurse to closely monitor the patie of

Que

P
P
D
P

During this phase, the patient is closely monitored as they emerge from anesthesia and recover from the effects of surgery or the procedure. The post- anesthesia nurse assesses the patient's vital signs, pain level, airway status, and overall recovery. Interventions such as pain management, oxygen therapy, and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prevention may be initiated during this phase. The goal is to stabilize the patient and prepare them for transfer to the next phase of recovery or discharge.

Question: 21

Which of the following is an example of a comorbidity that may impact the post-anesthesia care of a patient?

Iron-deficiency anemia
sthma steoarthritis

wer: C

anation: Asthma is an example of a comorbidity that may impact the p hesia care of a patient. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition acterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, which can erbated by anesthesia and surgical stress. Patients with asthma may re ul monitoring of their respiratory status, optimization of bronchodilat py, and proactive management of potential triggers to prevent or mini ma-related complications during the post-anesthesia period.

stion: 22

ch of the following is an example of a pharmacological intervention monly used during anesthesia?
Hyperthyroidism
A
O

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Intravenous fluid administration.
Physical therapy.
Deep breathing exercises.
Therapeutic touch.

stion: 23

ch of the following is a primary goal of acute and chronic pain assess anagement in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)?

inimization of pain intensity to a tolerable level omplete elimination of pain

elaying pain medication administration to promote early mobilization elying solely on non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief

anation: The primary goal of acute and chronic pain assessment and agement in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) is the minimization o ntensity to a tolerable level. While complete elimination of pain may

Explanation: Intravenous fluid administration is an example of a pharmacological intervention commonly used during anesthesia. It involves the administration of fluids, such as crystalloids or colloids, to maintain adequate hydration and support hemodynamic stability. The other options (deep breathing exercises, physical therapy, and therapeutic touch) are non- pharmacological interventions.

Que

M
C
D
R

always be achievable, it is essential to provide effective pain relief that allows patients to remain comfortable and functional. Pharmacological interventions, along with non-pharmacological strategies, should be implemented based on individual patient needs and preferences.

Question: 24

Which of the following anesthesia techniques involves the administration of medications directly into the bloodstream?

Moderate sedation
Regional anesthesia
General anesthesia

wer: C

anation: General anesthesia is an anesthesia technique that involves th nistration of medications directly into the bloodstream to induce a stat nsciousness and analgesia. These medications typically include venous anesthetics and may be supplemented with inhaled anesthetics
eral anesthesia allows for complete control of the patient's airway, dep hesia, and muscle relaxation, enabling various surgical procedures to ormed safely and comfortably.

stion: 25

ch of the following is an important aspect of fluid and electrolyte agement in the post-anesthesia care setting?

voiding intravenous fluid administration
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC)

Que

A
Administering high-dose diuretics
Restricting all oral intake
Monitoring urine output Answer: D

Explanation: Fluid and electrolyte management is crucial in the post-anesthesia

ealthcare team to ensure appropriate fluid and electrolyte managemen

care setting to maintain adequate hydration, electrolyte balance, and organ perfusion. Monitoring urine output is an important aspect of assessing the patient's fluid status and renal function. Adequate urine output indicates sufficient renal perfusion and helps determine if the patient is adequately hydrated. Abnormal urine output, such as oliguria (decreased urine output) or anuria (absence of urine output), may indicate a need for intervention, such as adjusting fluid administration or assessing for potential complications. The post-anesthesia nurse should closely monitor urine output and collaborate with the h t.