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Nursing

ABWM-CWCA

ABWM Certified Wound Care Associate

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Question: 1

Which of the following is a primary function of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)?

Promoting angiogenesis
Reducing bacterial colonization

bsorbing wound exudate wer: D
anation: A primary function of negative pressure wound therapy (NP sorbing wound exudate. NPWT involves the application of subatmosp ure to the wound bed, creating a controlled environment that helps re ss fluid from the wound. The negative pressure promotes the removal nd exudate, reduces edema, and supports the formation of granulation
e. While NPWT can indirectly contribute to promoting angiogenesis, cing bacterial colonization, and enhancing cellular proliferation, its pri ion is to manage wound exudate.

stion: 2

ch of the following is a primary function of the lymphatic system in w ng?
Enhancing cellular proliferation
A

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Regulation of body temperature
Removal of excess interstitial fluid
Transport of nutrients to the wound bed
Production of collagen fibers

nd healing process.

stion: 3

ch of the following biophysical technologies employs the application o frequency electrical currents to promote wound healing?

egative pressure wound therapy yperbaric oxygen therapy lectrical stimulation

ompression therapy wer: C

anation: Electrical stimulation is a biophysical technology that involv cation of low-frequency electrical currents to wounds. This therapy h shown to stimulate cellular activity, improve blood flow, promote ogenesis, and enhance wound healing. Negative pressure wound thera

Explanation: A primary function of the lymphatic system in wound healing is the removal of excess interstitial fluid from the wound bed. The lymphatic vessels collect the fluid that accumulates in the tissues and transport it back to the bloodstream, helping to reduce edema and maintain a balanced environment for healing. Regulation of body temperature is primarily performed by the integumentary system, transport of nutrients is facilitated by the circulatory system, and production of collagen fibers is a function of fibroblasts in the

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H
E
C

involves the application of subatmospheric pressure to the wound bed, hyperbaric oxygen therapy delivers high levels of oxygen to the tissues, and compression therapy applies external pressure to manage edema and improve venous circulation.

Question: 4

The Ankle Brachial Index is a quick, non-invasive test used to evaluate

arterial blood flow.
venous insufficiency.
protective sensation.

anation: The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is a quick, non-invasive test aluate arterial blood flow in the lower extremities. It measures the rati lood pressure at the ankle to the blood pressure at the arm. A lower A indicates reduced blood flow and can be indicative of peripheral arte se (PAD) or other arterial disorders. The test helps in assessing the uacy of arterial blood supply to the lower limbs and diagnosing condit
ay impair wound healing, such as arterial insufficiency ulcers. Lymp uction, venous insufficiency, and protective sensation are evaluated ugh other diagnostic methods and tests.

stion: 5

ch of the following factors is considered a systemic factor that can plicate wound healing?

ariatrics
lymphatic obstruction. Answer: A

Que

B
Infection
Pharmacological agents
Biofilm management Answer: A

Explanation: Bariatrics, referring to the management of patients who are obese

or have a high body mass index (BMI), is considered a systemic factor that can complicate wound healing. Obesity is associated with increased risk of wound complications, delayed healing, and impaired immune function. Other systemic factors that can complicate wound healing include infection, pharmacological agents (such as immunosuppressants), and biofilm management (managing biofilm presence in chronic wounds).

ch of the following dressing types is most suitable for a heavily exudi nd with significant slough?

ydrogel dressings oam dressings

ransparent film dressings lginate dressings

anation: Alginate dressings are most suitable for heavily exuding wou ignificant slough. Alginate dressings are made from seaweed and ha bsorptive capacity, which allows them to absorb large amounts of w ate while maintaining a moist wound environment. They also have th y to form a gel-like consistency when in contact with wound exudate, tating the removal of slough and debris from the wound bed. Hydrog ings provide moisture to dry wounds, foam dressings are suitable for

H
F
T
A

moderate exudate management, and transparent film dressings are used for low exudate wounds or as a secondary dressing.

Question: 7

Which of the following cellular and/or tissue products is derived from human placental tissue and contains growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix

Collagen dressings
Alginate dressings
Amniotic membranes
Hydrocolloid dressings

anation: Amniotic membranes are cellular and/or tissue products deri human placental tissue. They are rich in growth factors, cytokines, a cellular matrix components that promote wound healing and provide old for cellular migration and tissue regeneration. Collagen dressings, ate dressings, and hydrocolloid dressings are other types of wound ings with different compositions and mechanisms of action.

stion: 8

ch of the following is a systemic factor that can complicate wound hea nfection

roper wound bed preparation oist wound environment pithelialization

scaff algin dress

Que

I
P
M
E

Explanation: Infection is a systemic factor that can complicate wound healing. Infections can delay the healing process, increase inflammationand tissue damage, and impede the formation of granulation tissue. They can also lead to systemic complications and spread of infection. Maintaining a moist wound

environment and proper wound bed preparation are essential for optimal healing, while epithelialization is a normal stage of wound healing.

Question: 9

Which of the following biophysical technologies utilizes high levels of oxygen to promote wound healing?

lectrical stimulation yperbaric oxygen therapy ltrasound therapy ompression therapy

anation: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy utilizes high levels of oxygen to mote wound healing. In this therapy, the patient is exposed to 100% ox

ressurized chamber, resulting in increased oxygen delivery to the tiss igh oxygen levels enhance the body's natural healing processes, pro

ogenesis, and help fight off infections. Electrical stimulation involves cation of low-frequency electrical currents, ultrasound therapy uses s es for various therapeutic effects, and compression therapy applies ext ure to manage edema.

stion: 10

Que

Which of the following factors can impair wound healing and increase the risk of complications?

Adequate nutrition
Regular exercise
Stress management
Smoking Answer: D

vessels, decrease tissue oxygenation, and impair the immune respon ng smokers more susceptible to infections and delayed wound healing quate nutrition, regular exercise, and stress management are factors th ively influence wound healing.

stion: 11

ch of the following nutrients is important for collagen synthesis and w ng?

itamin D itamin B12 itamin K itamin C

anation: Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis and wound hea

Explanation: Smoking can impair wound healing and increase the risk of complications. Smoking has been shown to negatively impact blood flow, oxygenation, and collagen synthesis, all of which are essential for proper wound healing. Nicotine and other components in tobacco smoke can constrict blood se,

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V
V
V
V

Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix and provides strength and structure to tissues. Vitamin C is necessary for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen synthesis. Deficiency in vitamin C can lead to impaired collagen production, resulting in weakened connective tissues and delayed wound healing. Vitamin D plays a role in bone health, vitamin K is important for blood clotting, and vitamin B12 is involved in red blood cell production.

Question: 12

Which of the following nutrients plays a crucial role in collagen synthesis and wound healing?

Vitamin K
itamin E itamin C

wer: D

anation: Vitamin C plays a crucial role in collagen synthesis and wou ng. Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix and provi tural support to healing tissues. Vitamin C is essential for the synthesi gen fibers and promotes their proper formation. Deficiency in vitamin ead to impaired collagen synthesis, delayed wound healing, and incre eptibility to infection. Vitamin D is important for bone health but does a direct role in collagen synthesis. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that ibutes to tissue health, and vitamin K is involved in blood clotting.

stion: 13

ch of the following is an example of an autolytic debridement method
Vitamin D
V
V

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Surgical debridement
Enzymatic debridement
Mechanical debridement
Biological debridement

gots or larvae to consume necrotic tissue.

stion: 14

ch of the following is a characteristic of chronic wounds? apid healing progression

resence of granulation tissue imely response to interventions rolonged inflammation

anation: Prolonged inflammation is a characteristic of chronic nds.Chronic wounds are wounds that fail to progress through the norm s of healing in a timely manner. They often exhibit persistent mmation, which can delay the healing process. Chronic wounds are ally associated with underlying systemic conditions, impaired cellular

Explanation: Autolytic debridement is a natural process where the body's own enzymes break down and remove necrotic tissue. It is a non-invasive and passive method of debridement. Enzymatic debridement, which involves the use of exogenous enzymes to assist in the breakdown of necrotic tissue, is an example of autolytic debridement. Surgical debridement is a manual removal of devitalized tissue, mechanical debridement involves the use of tools or dressings to physically remove debris, and biological debridement utilizes

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stage infla typic

function, or persistent factors that hinder the healing process. Rapid healing progression, presence of granulation tissue, and timely response to interventions are more commonly observed in acute wounds.

Question: 15

amniotic membrane and is used for wound healing?

Collagen dressings
Allografts
Xenografts

anation: Amniotic membranes are cellular and/or tissue products deri human amniotic membrane. They are used for wound healing due to ource of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix compone iotic membranes can provide a scaffold for tissue regeneration, prom nd healing, and have anti-inflammatory properties. Collagen dressings from collagen fibers, allografts are derived from human donors, and
grafts are derived from animal sources.

stion: 16

ch of the following dressings is most appropriate for a dry, necrotic nd?

ydrocolloid dressings lginate dressings
oam dressings ydrogel dressings
Amniotic membranes Answer: D

Que

H
A
F
H

Explanation: Hydrogel dressings are most appropriate for dry, necrotic wounds. Hydrogel dressings provide moisture to the wound bed, helping to hydrate dry wounds and promote autolytic debridement. They create a moist environment that can facilitate the breakdown of necrotic tissue and promote wound healing.

Hydrocolloid dressings are suitable for wounds with light to moderate exudate, alginate dressings are appropriate for heavily exuding wounds, and foam dressings are used for wounds with moderate to heavy exudate.

Question: 17

ellow/brown tissue only.

essings and then placed over the wound. ntire wound surface only.

ntire wound surface with slight margin overlap.

anation: Enzymatic debriding ointments are used to remove devitalize from wounds. When a wound presents with both red tissue (granulat

e) and yellow/brown tissue (slough or necrotic tissue), the ointment sh pplied to the entire wound surface. This allows the enzymatic action t

on both types of tissue and promote their removal. Applying the oint o the yellow/brown tissue or using dressings to cover the wound wit application of the ointment may not effectively address all the areas ring debridement. Therefore, the correct approach is to apply the oint

When applying an enzymatic debriding ointment to a wound presenting with 50% red tissue and 50% yellow/brown tissue, the ointment should be applied to the

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to the entire wound surface.

Question: 18

Which of the following modalities is commonly used for pressure redistribution and offloading in individuals with pressure ulcers?

Negative pressure wound therapy
Electrical stimulation
Compression therapy
Wound VAC therapy

anation: Compression therapy is commonly used for pressure redistrib ffloading in individuals with pressure ulcers. Compression garments ages exert pressure on the surrounding tissues, aiding in venous return cing edema. This helps to redistribute pressure away from the ulcer sit mote healing. Negative pressure wound therapy (commonly known as

nd VAC therapy) is primarily used for the management of complex nds. Electrical stimulation is utilized for promoting wound healing thr pplication of low-frequency electrical currents.

stion: 19

ound healing, which phase is characterized by the formation of new bl els (angiogenesis) and the deposition of granulation tissue?

nflammatory phase roliferative phase

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I
P
Maturation phase
Epithelialization phase

Explanation: The proliferative phase is the phase of wound healing

characterized by the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and the deposition of granulation tissue. During this phase, fibroblasts synthesize and deposit collagen, angiogenesis occurs to supply oxygen and nutrients to the healing tissue, and the wound gradually fills with new tissue. The inflammatory phase is the initial phase of wound healing characterized by hemostasis and inflammation, the maturation phase involves remodeling and strengthening of the scar tissue, and epithelialization is the process of new epithelial cell migration and growth to resurface the wound.