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the primary dietary recommendation for individuals with hepatic disorders to help manage oms related to portal hypertension?
gh sodium intake protein intake
h carbohydrate diet
sodium intake and adequate caloric intake er: D
nation: Low sodium intake is crucial for managing portal hypertension as it helps reduce flui on and swelling. Adequate caloric intake ensures nutritional needs are met without exacerbat oms.
nt experiencing severe gastrointestinal distress has been advised to follow a low FODMAP d approach should the dietitian take to ensure proper adherence while monitoring nutrient inta
minate all carbohydrates
vide a list of safe and high-FODMAP foods ucate on gradual reintroduction of foods
cus only on symptom management
Hi
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Hig
Low Answ
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sympt
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Answer: C
Explanation: Educating clients on the gradual reintroduction of foods allows for the identification of triggers while ensuring a balanced intake of nutrients during the elimination phase.
Which of the following statements best describes the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human health?
ROS exclusively promote cellular aging.
ROS have no physiological role in the body.
ROS can act as signaling molecules in cellular processes.
ROS are only harmful and do not support any cellular functions. Answer: C
ses, including inflammation and apoptosis, in addition to their roles in oxidative damage.
ssessing the validity of a nutrition-related claim made by a popular diet book, which of the ing steps should a nutrition specialist prioritize?
aluating the book's sales rank and popularity ecking the author's background and credentials
oring the claims if they are not supported by mainstream media suming the claims are valid if they align with personal beliefs
er: B
nation: Evaluating the author's background and credentials is crucial for determining the vali made in a diet book, as it helps identify potential biases and expertise.
a routine health assessment, a 50-year-old woman is found to have a waist-to-hip ratio of 0 MI of 30. Based on the assessment of her body composition, what classification do these
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and a B
measurements indicate regarding her risk for chronic diseases?
Low risk for chronic diseases
High risk for chronic diseases
Moderate risk for chronic diseases
Very high risk for chronic diseases Answer: B
Explanation: A waist-to-hip ratio above 0.85 in women, combined with a BMI of 30, indicates a high
risk for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following statements regarding the role of enzymes in the Krebs cycle is correct?
Each enzyme in the Krebs cycle catalyzes a specific reaction that is dependent on the presence of co- factors and substrates.
Enzymes in the Krebs cycle do not require co-factors to function.
zyme activity in the Krebs cycle is not influenced by the availability of substrates. er: A
nation: Each enzyme in the Krebs cycle catalyzes specific reactions that require both substrat tors, and the cycle is subject to regulation based on metabolic needs.
atient with severe lactose intolerance, which of the following dairy alternatives is most priate to recommend, providing similar nutritional benefits without gastrointestinal distress?
mond milk milk
conut milk milk
er: D
nation: Soy milk is rich in protein, similar to cow's milk, and is often fortified with calcium D, making it a suitable alternative for individuals with lactose intolerance.
The Krebs cycle operates independently of any regulatory mechanisms.
En
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co-fac
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Soy Answ
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What is the impact of dietary habits established in childhood on the long-term health of individuals as they age?
They are easily modified in adulthood
They can predispose individuals to chronic diseases later in life
They have no lasting effects on health
They become irrelevant after adolescence
Answer: B
Explanation: Dietary habits established in childhood can predispose individuals to chronic diseases later in life, underscoring the importance of promoting healthy eating patterns early on.
olism requires specific cofactors to function optimally, and what is a key dietary source of o ofactors?
oprotein lipase; requires vitamin B12, found in animal products. rmone-sensitive lipase; needs magnesium, sourced from nuts. etyl-CoA carboxylase; needs biotin, found in egg yolks.
ncreatic lipase; requires calcium, abundant in dairy. er: C
nation: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, involved in lipid metabolism, requires biotin as a cofactor. nd in egg yolks, making it an important dietary component for metabolic health.
the most significant factor affecting the safety of food in home kitchens, particularly conc evention of cross-contamination?
of single-use kitchen items
areness of proper food storage techniques eping raw and cooked foods separate plementation of strict cleaning protocols
these c
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Ho
Ac
Pa
Answ
Expla Biotin
is fou
What is erning
the pr
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Answer: C
Explanation: Keeping raw and cooked foods separate is crucial to preventing cross-contamination, which is a major source of foodborne illness in home kitchens.
A 45-year-old woman is experiencing significant stress due to work and family responsibilities, affecting
her eating habits. What should be the primary focus of her nutritional counseling to improve her overall well-being?
Implementing strict dietary rules to control weight
Advising her to skip meals to manage calorie intake
Encouraging avoidance of all social meals to focus on personal habits
Addressing stress management techniques alongside balanced nutrition Answer: D
well-being and eating habits.
ent undergoing computerized analysis of food intake reports a daily consumption of 1500 cal ily from processed foods. What is the most critical nutrient deficiency you might expect in this io?
tein er
ega-3 fatty acids amins and minerals
er: D
nation: Processed foods are often low in essential vitamins and minerals, leading to multiple deficiencies despite adequate caloric intake.
itionist is developing a meal plan for a 34-year-old woman with celiac disease. Which of the
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primar scenar
Pro
Fib
Om
Vit Answ
Expla nutrient
A nutr
following food items should be avoided entirely in her diet?
Wheat-based pasta
Oats (uncontaminated)
Quinoa
Rice Answer: A
Explanation: Wheat-based pasta contains gluten, which must be completely avoided by individuals with
celiac disease to prevent symptoms and intestinal damage.
During a comprehensive medical nutrition health history, a client mentions a family history of cardiovascular disease and their recent adoption of a high-sodium diet due to convenience. Which dietary assessment tool would be most effective in identifying potential risk factors related to nutrient intake and health outcomes?
hour dietary recall history interview
od frequency questionnaire trient analysis software
er: B
nation: A diet history interview provides a detailed understanding of long-term dietary patter s crucial for assessing risk factors related to cardiovascular disease.
year-old patient presents with metabolic syndrome, characterized by insulin resistance and sed oxidative stress. Recent studies suggest that the activation of certain inflammatory pathw ontribute to these conditions. Which of the following pathways is most directly associated w cement of insulin resistance through inflammatory mediators?
K/STAT signaling pathway MPK pathway
kB pathway OR pathway
er: C