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NCC Certified Neonatal Neuro-Intensive Care
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Which neuroimaging modality is commonly used to assess and modify treatment in neonatal neuro-intensive care?
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
wer: C
anation: Ultrasound is commonly used as a neuroimaging modality to s and modify treatment in neonatal neuro-intensive care. It is a non- sive and readily available imaging technique that can provide valuable mation about the structure and function of the neonatal brain. Positro sion tomography (PET) scan and single-photon emission computed graphy (SPECT) scan are less commonly used in neonatal neuro-inte Therefore, the correct answer is option A, ultrasound.
ng a comprehensive neurological exam of a neonate, which of the wing findings would be considered abnormal?
oro reflex
bsent suck reflex
Ultrasound Ans
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emis
tomo nsive
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Duri follo
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A
Strong palmar grasp Answer: B
Explanation: During a comprehensive neurological exam of a neonate, the absence of the suck reflex would be considered abnormal. The suck reflex is an important reflex that enables the neonate to feed and is indicative of normal
neurological function. The Moro reflex and strong palmar grasp are normal findings in a neonatal neurological exam. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, absent suck reflex.
arly initiation of physical therapy dministration of antiviral medications
se of protective headgear during activities
wer: A
anation: Early initiation of physical therapy is a maintenance strategy ates with neurologic injury. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in
moting motor development, muscle strength, and functional abilities in ates with neurologic injuries. It helps optimize neuroplasticity and im all outcomes. Administration of antiviral medications (option A) is sp ral infections and not a general maintenance strategy. The use of prote gear during activities (option C) may be applicable in certain situation ent head injuries but is not a primary maintenance strategy for neurolo ies.
Which of the following is a maintenance strategy for neonates with neurologic injury?
E
A
U
Ans
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Which of the following is an important aspect of preventing neurologic injury in at-risk neonates?
Early initiation of enteral feeding
Administration of vitamin K at birth
Avoidance of maternal opioid use during pregnancy Answer: C
al feeding (option A) and administration of vitamin K at birth (option mportant for overall neonatal health but are not specifically targeted a enting neurologic injury in at-risk neonates.
ch of the following is a possible outcome of abnormal CNS developm etus?
ncreased cognitive abilities ormal motor function evelopmental delays
wer: C
anation: A possible outcome of abnormal central nervous system (CN lopment in the fetus is developmental delays. Abnormal CNS develop ead to impairments in various areas of development, including cogniti
Explanation: Avoidance of maternal opioid use during pregnancy is an important aspect of preventing neurologic injury in at-risk neonates. Maternal opioid use during pregnancy can lead to neonatal abstinence syndrome and increase the risk of neurologic complications in the newborn. Early initiation of enter B)
are i t
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deve ment
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motor, and sensory abilities. Increased cognitive abilities and normal motor function would not be expected outcomes in the context of abnormal CNS development. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, developmental delays.
A neonate term neonate with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy developed seizures at 24 hours of life.
What is the first line agent for treatment?
Diazepam
Phenytoin
wer: C
anation: The first line agent for treatment of seizures in a neonate wit xic ischemic encephalopathy is Phenobarbital. Phenobarbital is a monly used antiepileptic medication in neonates due to its efficacy an
safety profile. It acts by enhancing the inhibitory effects of gamma- obutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, thereby reducing seizure activity. epam and Phenytoin are not typically used as first-line agents in this ario. Diazepam may be used for acute seizure management, but it has er duration of action and may cause respiratory depression in neonate ytoin is more commonly used for the treatment of focal seizures in ol ren and adults.
ch of the following is an important aspect of prevention and managem alth for at-risk neonates or those with neurologic injury?
Phenobarbital Ans
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Administration of antibiotics
Surgical intervention
Early intervention services Answer: C
Explanation: Early intervention services are an important aspect of prevention
ch of the following is a risk factor for abnormal CNS development in t
?
egular prenatal check-ups dequate prenatal nutrition
aternal smoking during pregnancy wer: C
anation: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a known risk factor fo rmal central nervous system (CNS) development in the fetus. Smokin o reduced oxygen supply and nutrient delivery to the developing fetu h can negatively impact CNS development. Adequate prenatal nutriti egular prenatal check-ups are important for overall fetal health but ar fically associated with abnormal CNS development. Therefore, the co
and management of health for at-risk neonates or those with neurologic injury. Early intervention programs provide specialized support and therapies to promote optimal development and minimize the impact of neurologic injuries. Surgical intervention may be necessary in some cases but is not a universally applicable aspect of prevention and management. Administration of antibiotics is specific to the treatment of infections and may not be directly related to prevention and management in all cases. Therefore, the correct answer is option A, early intervention services.
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answer is option A, maternal smoking during pregnancy.
Which of the following is an antepartum indicator of neurological risks to the fetus?
Maternal hypertension
Placental abruption
Fetal heart rate variability Answer: B
enta from the uterine wall, which can lead to decreased oxygen supply etus and potentially result in neurological complications. Maternal rtension can also have adverse effects on the fetus, but it is not specifi ntepartum indicator of neurological risks. Fetal heart rate variability is ure of fetal well-being and does not directly indicate neurological risk efore, the correct answer is option C, placental abruption.
ch of the following findings would be considered abnormal in a prehensive neurological exam of a neonate?
ymmetric tonic neck reflex bsence of Moro reflex ustained tonic neck reflex
wer: C
Explanation: Placental abruption is an antepartum indicator of neurological risks to the fetus. Placental abruption refers to the premature separation of the plac to
the f
hype cally
an a a
meas s.
Ther
Whi com
S
A
S
Ans
Explanation: A sustained tonic neck reflex would be considered abnormal in a comprehensive neurological exam of a neonate. The tonic neck reflex, also known as the "fencing reflex," is a normal reflex that occurs when the infant's head is turned to one side, causing extension of the arm and leg on that side and flexion of the contralateral arm and leg. However, this reflex should not be sustained for an extended period of time. The absence of the Moro reflex (option B) would also be considered abnormal, as it is a normal startle reflex
that should be present in neonates. The symmetric tonic neck reflex (option C) is a normal reflex that occurs when the infant's head is flexed or extended, causing flexion or extension of the arms and legs.
EG/aEEG provides real-time monitoring of brain activity.
EG/aEEG is only useful in identifying structural brain abnormalities. EG/aEEG is primarily used for diagnosing genetic disorders.
wer: A
anation: EEG/aEEG provides real-time monitoring of brain activity in atal neuro-intensive care. It is a valuable tool for assessing brain func cting abnormalities, and monitoring response to treatment. EEG/aEEG imited to identifying structural brain abnormalities and can provide mation about electrical activity and patterns in the brain. While
/aEEG may aid in the diagnosis of certain genetic disorders, it is not arily used for this purpose. Therefore, the correct answer is option B,
/aEEG provides real-time monitoring of brain activity.
Which of the following is true regarding the use of EEG/aEEG in neonatal neuro-intensive care?
E
E
E
Ans Expl
neon tion,
dete is
not l infor EEG
prim EEG
Which of the following neuroimaging modalities is commonly used to assess and modify treatment in neonates with neurologic conditions?
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Ultrasound
Answer: B
neurologic condition. Positron emission tomography (PET) (option A ctional imaging technique that measures metabolic activity in the brai is less commonly used in neonates. Ultrasound (option C) is another ing modality that is often used in neonates due to its accessibility and
y to provide real-time imaging, but it may have limitations in visualiz in structures and may not provide the same level of detail as MRI.
ch of the following is a neurologic monitoring technique commonly u ates?
lectroencephalography (EEG) agnetic resonance imaging (MRI) omputed tomography (CT) scan
wer: A
Explanation: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to assess and modify treatment in neonates with neurologic conditions. MRI provides detailed images of the brain's anatomy and can help identify structural abnormalities, such as brain lesions or malformations, that may be contributing to the ) is
a fun n
and imag
abilit ing
certa
Whi sed in
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E
M
C
Ans
Explanation: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a neurologic monitoring technique commonly used in neonates. EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain and can provide valuable information about brain function and abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan are imaging techniques used to assess the structure of the brain but are not specifically monitoring techniques. Therefore, the correct answer is
option A, EEG.
Which of the following is a neurophysiological monitoring technique used in neonates?
omputed tomography (CT) lectroencephalography (EEG)
wer: C
anation: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a neurophysiological toring technique used in neonates. EEG records the electrical activity rain and is useful for evaluating brain function, detecting seizures, an toring the effects of treatment in neonates with neurological condition netic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) (opti
) are neuroimaging techniques used to assess structural abnormalities rain but are not considered neurophysiological monitoring techniques.
ch of the following best describes the pathophysiology of neurologic ies in neonates?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C
E
Ans Expl
moni of
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and C in
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Neurologic injuries in neonates can be caused by a variety of factors, including hypoxia, ischemia, and trauma.
Neurologic injuries in neonates result from genetic abnormalities.
Neurologic injuries in neonates are primarily caused by infectious agents. Answer: A
Explanation: Neurologic injuries in neonates can be caused by a variety of factors, including hypoxia, ischemia, and trauma. These factors can lead to damage ordisruption of the developing brain, resulting in neurologic injuries. While infectious agents and genetic abnormalities can also contribute to neurologic injuries, they are not the primary causes in neonates. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, neurologic injuries in neonates can be caused by a variety of factors, including hypoxia, ischemia, and trauma.