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Which of the following is a chronic complication of diabetes that affects the kidneys?
Retinopathy
Neuropathy
ephropathy wer: D
anation: Nephropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes that affect eys. It involves damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys, lead mpaired kidney function and potentially progressing to end-stage renal
se if not managed properly.
ch of the following is an acute complication of diabetes characterized lood glucose, ketones in the urine, and metabolic acidosis?
ypoglycemia yperglycemia
yperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) iabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Vascular disease
N
Ans
Expl s the
kidn ing
to i disea
Whi by
high b
H
H
H
D
Answer: D
Explanation: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes characterized by high blood glucose levels, the presence of ketones in the urine, and metabolic acidosis. It most commonly occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes but can also occur in some cases of type 2 diabetes. DKA is a medical
emergency that requires immediate treatment, typically including intravenous fluids, insulin therapy, and correction of electrolyte imbalances. Prompt recognition and treatment of DKA are crucial to prevent potential life- threatening complications.
damage, leading to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and loss o ation in the extremities?
ephropathy etinopathy ascular disease europathy
wer: D
anation: Neuropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes characteriz damage. It can affect various nerves in the body, but peripheral
opathy is the most common type seen in diabetes. Peripheral neuropat affects the nerves in the extremities, leading to symptoms such as bness, tingling, burning sensations, and loss of sensation. It can also r uscle weakness and difficulty with balance and coordination. Good bl ose control, regular foot care, and appropriate management of sympto mportant in preventing and managing diabetic neuropathy.
Which of the following chronic complications of diabetes is characterized by nerve f
sens
N
R
V
N
Ans
Expl ed by
nerve
neur hy
often
num esult
in m ood
gluc ms
are i
What is the primary goal of medication adjustment in diabetes management?
Achieving normal blood glucose levels
Eliminating the need for insulin therapy
Minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia
Controlling body weight
Answer: A
glucose within the target range recommended by healthcare essionals, which helps to prevent both short-term and long-term plications associated with diabetes. While minimizing the risk of glycemia and controlling body weight are important considerations, t mate objective is to optimize glycemic control and maintain blood gluc
as close to the normal range as possible.
ch of the following is a delivery system used for insulin therapy that ides a continuous infusion of insulin?
nsulin pen sulin syringe sulin pump nsulin inhaler
Explanation: The primary goal of medication adjustment in diabetes management is to achieve normal blood glucose levels. The aim is to maintain blood
prof com
hypo he
ulti ose
levels
Whi prov
I
In
In
I
Answer: C
Explanation: The delivery system used for insulin therapy that provides a continuous infusion of insulin is an insulin pump. An insulin pump is a small device that is worn externally and delivers a continuous flow of rapid-acting insulin through a catheter placed under the skin. This continuous infusion helps to mimic the natural basal insulin secretion of the pancreas. Insulin pens and
syringes are used for subcutaneous injections of insulin, while insulin inhalers deliver insulin through the lungs.
Which delivery system provides continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion?
sulin syringe sulin pump nhaled insulin
wer: C
anation: An insulin pump provides continuous subcutaneous insulin ion. It delivers insulin through a small tube (catheter) inserted under t allowing for precise and customizable insulin dosing throughout the d
ch organization's guidelines recommend an individualized approach to emic targets for patients with diabetes?
DA (American Diabetes Association)
ASD (European Association for the Study of Diabetes)
Insulin pen
In
In
I
Ans Expl
infus he
skin, ay.
Whi glyc
A
E
All of the above
AACE (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists) Answer: C
Explanation: All three organizations, ADA, EASD, and AACE, recommend an individualized approach to glycemic targets for patients with diabetes. They
recognize that each patient's needs and circumstances may vary, and treatment goals should be tailored accordingly.
Which type of acute complication of diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose, ketones in the urine, and metabolic acidosis?
ypoglycemia
iabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) yperglycemia
yperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
wer: B
anation: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a type of acute complication etes characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketones in the urine, a bolic acidosis. It is commonly associated with type 1 diabetes and can hreatening condition if not promptly treated.
ch chronic complication of diabetes affects the nerves, resulting in ptoms such as tingling, numbness, and loss of sensation?
H
D
H
H
Ans
Expl of
diab nd
meta be a
life-t
Whi sym
Neuropathy
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Vascular disease
Answer: A
Explanation: Neuropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes that affects the nerves. It can manifest as peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, or other forms, causing symptoms such as tingling, numbness, loss of sensation, and impaired function in the affected areas.
ch of the following medications is associated with the side effect of w
etformin oglitazone tagliptin lipizide
wer: B
anation: Pioglitazone is associated with the side effect of weight gain. azolidinedione (TZD) medication that improves insulin sensitivity but o an increase in body weight as a potential adverse effect.
ch of the following is an example of an injectable medication used in t ment of diabetes?
Whi eight
gain?
M
Pi
Si
G
Ans
Expl It is
a thi can
lead t
Whi he
treat
Metformin
Glimepiride
Exenatide
Pioglitazone
Answer: C
Explanation: Exenatide is an example of an injectable medication used in the treatment of diabetes. It belongs to the class of medications called GLP-1 receptor agonists and helps lower blood glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon secretion.
ch of the following describes a drug-drug interaction? nteraction between a medication and a specific type of food
teraction between two different medications
teraction between a medication and a non-prescription preparation nteraction between a medication and alcohol
wer: B
anation: A drug-drug interaction refers to an interaction between two rent medications. When multiple medications are taken together, there bility of drug interactions that can affect their efficacy or safety. Thes actions can occur due to various mechanisms, such as alterations in dr bolism, competition for binding sites, or additive side effects. It is rtant for healthcare professionals to be aware of potential drug-drug actions to ensure safe and effective medication management in patient
Whi
I
In
In
I
Ans Expl
diffe is a
possi e
inter ug
meta impo
inter s
with diabetes.
Which medication is classified as a GLP-1 receptor agonist used in the treatment of diabetes?
Metformin
Insulin glargine
Sitagliptin
Liraglutide Answer: D
1 receptor agonists are a type of injectable medication used in the ment of diabetes. Liraglutide belongs to this class of medications and s by mimicking the action of GLP-1, a hormone that helps regulate bl
levels. It helps to lower blood glucose levels, promote weight loss, a ce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Ot mples of GLP-1 receptor agonists include exenatide, dulaglutide, and
glutide.
ch of the following eye diseases is commonly associated with diabetes aracterized by damage to the blood vessels in the retina?
ataracts laucoma
acular degeneration iabetic retinopathy
Explanation: Liraglutide is a medication classified as a GLP-1 receptor agonist. GLP-
treat
work ood
sugar nd
redu her
exa sema
Whi and
is ch
C
G
M
D
Answer: D
Explanation: Diabetic retinopathy is a common eye disease associated with diabetes. It involves damage to the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision problems and, if left untreated, potential blindness.