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ASTQB

CTFL-V4-FOUNDATION

ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level V4.0

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Question: 1216

ch of the following is the MOST important factor to consider when itizing risks?

robability of the risk occurring mpact of the risk on the system ase of testing for the risk

ost of mitigating the risk wer: B

anation: The most important factor to consider when prioritizing risks Based Testing (RBT) approach is the impact of the risk on the syste mpact of a risk, including its potential consequences and severity, is t ary driver for determining which risks should be addressed first. Whil rs like probability of occurrence, ease of testing, and cost of mitigatio mportant, the impact of the risk is the most crucial consideration in t rioritization process, as it directly determines the importance and urg dressing the risk.

A software development team is using a Risk-Based Testing (RBT) approach.

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Question: 1217

One of the 'principles of testing' states that exhaustive testing is impossible. Which of the following is the BEST way to address this principle in practice?

Creating test cases that cover every possible specified output
Documenting all possible test input variations and prioritizing these based on importance
Starting testing as early as possible with reviews and other static testing approaches

wer: D

anation: The principle that exhaustive testing is impossible recognizes ot feasible to test every possible input and output combination for a ware system. The best way to address this in practice is to use techniqu as equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis to generate t
These techniques help identify representative sets of test cases that c ost important and high-risk scenarios, without attempting to test ever ble variation. This is a more practical and effective approach than tryi
create test cases that cover every possible specified output or document all ble test input variations.

stion: 1218

re testing a mobile application that allows users to book appointment
Using equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis to generate test cases

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with healthcare providers. During your testing, you discover that the application does not properly handle the case where a user tries to book an appointment for a time slot that is already booked by another user. Which testing technique would be the most appropriate to identify and document this defect?

State transition testing
Combinatorial testing
Boundary value analysis
Use case testing Answer: A

ilable" state to the "booked" state for a specific time slot would be a cr ct to test.

stion: 1219

re testing a web application that allows users to enter their height in meters. The valid range for height is 100 cm to 250 cm. Which of the wing test cases would be MOST appropriate to use boundary value ysis (BVA) on?

cm, 100 cm, 175 cm, 250 cm, 251 cm

cm, 100 cm, 175 cm, 250 cm, 260 cm

9.9 cm, 100 cm, 175 cm, 249.9 cm, 250 cm

cm, 100 cm, 175 cm, 250 cm, 260 cm

Explanation: State transition testing focuses on verifying the expected behavior of a system as it transitions from one state to another. In the case of the appointment booking feature, the system's behavior when transitioning from the "ava ucial

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You a centi follo anal

99
90
9
99

Explanation: In boundary value analysis, the focus is on testing the values just inside and just outside the valid boundaries. For a height input with a valid range of 100 cm to 250 cm, the most important test cases would be:

99 cm (just below the lower bound) 100 cm (the lower bound)

175 cm (a value within the valid range) 250 cm (the upper bound)

251 cm (just above the upper bound)

Therefore, option A contains the most appropriate test cases for boundary value analysis on this height input field.

stion: 1220

mponent integration testing, which of the following strategies is idered the most effective for discovering defects?

op-down integration ottom-up integration andwich integration

-directional integration wer: C

anation: Sandwich integration, which combines top-down and bottom ration strategies, is considered the most effective for discovering defe ng component integration testing. This approach allows for the testing he bottom-level components and the top-level components, providin

comprehensive integration testing approach.

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Question: 1221

Which of the following is a key difference between quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) in the context of software requirements management?

QA is responsible for defining the requirements, while QC is responsible for verifying them
QA is focused on the completeness of the requirements, while QC is focused on their testability
QA is concerned with the alignment of the requirements with the business objectives, while QC is concerned with their technical feasibility

wer: B

anation: The key difference between QA and QC in the context of sof rements management is that QA is focused on the completeness and y of the requirements, while QC is focused on their testability. QA en he requirements are well-defined and comprehensive, while QC verif he requirements can be effectively tested and validated.

stion: 1222

ch of the following is a key benefit of incorporating security testing ities throughout the SDLC?

educes the need for specialized security experts
nsures that security vulnerabilities are identified and addressed early
QA is performed by the product owner, while QC is performed by the development team

Que

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Allows for more comprehensive testing coverage
Increases the overall cost of the project Answer: B

Explanation: Incorporating security testing activities throughout the SDLC, rather than treating it as a separate activity at the end, allows for the

identification and resolution of security vulnerabilities at an earlier stage, which is more cost-effective and impactful.

Question: 1223

pendent testers. Which of the following is the MAIN reason behind th iple?

reduce the workload of the development team provide a fresh perspective on the software under test

ensure that the testing process is unbiased and objective

allow the development team to focus on their primary responsibilitie wer: C

anation: The principle of independent testing is mainly based on the n sure the testing process is unbiased and objective. Having an indepen r, who is not directly involved in the development process, reduces th rsonal biases, preconceptions, and conflicts of interest that could influ esting activities. This helps to provide a more impartial and reliable sment of the software under test.

One of the 'principles of testing' states that testing should be performed by inde is

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Question: 1224

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of the Waterfall model of software development?

Sequential and linear approach
Extensive documentation and rigid processes
Opportunities for early and continuous testing
Difficulty in accommodating changes Answer: C

ifficulty in accommodating changes.

stion: 1225

team is implementing a new feature in the software, and you want to re that the branch coverage is high. Which of the following practices d be LEAST effective in achieving this goal?

onducting regular code reviews to identify complex or high-risk branc esigning test cases that cover a wide range of input values and edge c elying solely on automated testing tools to measure and report branch rage.

ollaborating with developers to understand the underlying logic and c of the feature.

Explanation: The key characteristics of the Waterfall model include a sequential and linear approach, extensive documentation and rigid processes, and d

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C hes.
D ases.
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cove
C ontrol

Explanation: Relying solely on automated testing tools to measure and report branch coverage is the least effective practice. While such tools can provide valuable insights, they may not capture the full context and understanding of the code's complexity. Effective branch coverage improvement requires a combination of techniques, including code reviews, targeted test case design,

and collaboration with the development team.

Question: 1226

is responsible for ensuring the effective planning, monitoring, and co sting activities

is responsible for designing and implementing the necessary test structure and tools

is responsible for communicating the status, progress, and quality of t ng activities

is responsible for evaluating the testing process and identifying ovements for future projects

anation: The key characteristic of the "test reporting" process in the I ng standard is that it is responsible for communicating the status, prog uality of the testing activities. It is not primarily focused on test plan ontrol, test infrastructure and tools, or test closure, which are the onsibilities of other testing processes.

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the "test reporting" process in the ISTQB testing standard?

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Question: 1227

Which of the following is a key challenge in implementing test automation for a legacy application?

Lack of a well-documented application architecture
Difficulty in integrating the automation tools with the existing infrastructure
Resistance from the development team to adopt new automation practices
All of the above Answer: D

ral challenges, including a lack of documented architecture, difficultie rating automation tools, and resistance from the development team. A factors need to be addressed for successful test automation in a legac m.

stion: 1228

ch of the following SDLC activities is MOST closely associated with ployment" phase?

egression testing

ser acceptance testing erformance testing ecurity testing

Explanation: Implementing test automation for a legacy application presents seve s in

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R
U
P
S

Explanation: User acceptance testing is the SDLC activity that is most closely associated with the "Deployment" phase, as it involves verifying that the delivered system meets the end-user's requirements and expectations before the final deployment.

Question: 1229

A developer suggests that the team should focus on achieving 100% statement coverage rather than 100% branch coverage. Which of the following is the STRONGEST counterargument to this proposal?

chieving 100% statement coverage does not guarantee 100% branch rage.

ranch coverage provides more information about the program's contro ll of the above.

anation: All of the listed points are valid counterarguments to the prop cusing on 100% statement coverage rather than 100% branch coverag ment coverage is a less rigorous metric than branch coverage, as it do rovide information about the program's control flow. Achieving 100 ment coverage does not guarantee 100% branch coverage, and branch rage provides more valuable insights into the program's logic and deci s.

Statement coverage is a less rigorous metric than branch coverage.

Question: 1230

Which TWO of the following are typical acceptance testing techniques used to validate the system's security and data protection measures?

Exploratory testing
Performance testing
Penetration testing
Regression testing
Usability testing Answer: C, D

on C) and regression testing (option D). Options A, B, and E are not fic to validating the system's security and data protection measures, b focus on other aspects of the system, such as functionality, performa sability.

stion: 1231

ch of the following is a key difference between quality assurance (QA ty control (QC) in the context of the software development life cycle LC)?

A is focused on the planning and design phases, while QC is focused mplementation and testing phases

A is concerned with the overall project management, while QC is erned with the technical implementation

A is responsible for defining the quality standards, while QC is

Explanation: Typical acceptance testing techniques used to validate the system's security and data protection measures include penetration testing (opti

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Q on
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conc
Q
responsible for ensuring compliance with those standards
QA is performed by managers, while QC is performed by individual contributors

Explanation: The key difference between QA and QC in the SDLC is that QA

is responsible for defining the quality standards and best practices, while QC is responsible for ensuring that the software development process and the final product comply with those standards. QA sets the goals and guidelines, while QC verifies that the goals are being met.

Question: 1232

When designing a test environment for a distributed, cloud-based applicati h of the following is the LEAST important consideration?

ovisioning and managing virtual machine instances onfiguring and maintaining network connectivity

ntegrating with cloud-based monitoring and logging services mplementing robust backup and disaster recovery strategies

efining a comprehensive set of test environment personas and user pro

Pr
C
I
I
D files

i
ii
iii
iv
v Ans

Explanation: Defining test environment personas and user profiles, while important, is less directly critical to the technical aspects of setting up and managing the distributed, cloud-based test environment compared to the other considerations listed.

A software system allows users to enter a discount percentage between 0% and 100%. What is the MINIMAL set of test inputs that achieves 100% of the desired coverage using 3-point boundary value analysis (BVA)?

A. -1%, 0%, 100%, 101%

%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%

wer: B anation:

inimal set of test inputs that achieves 100% coverage using 3-point dary value analysis (BVA) is -1%, 0%, 1%, 99%, 100%, 101%. This i use we need to test the lower and upper boundaries of the valid range 0%) as well as the boundaries of the invalid ranges (below 0% and ab

stion: 1234

ave defined three test cases, T1, T2, and T3, that exercise the same ionality of the software under test. Test case T1 achieves 45% statem

B. -1%, 0%, 1%, 99%, 100%, 101%

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coverage, test case T2 achieves 55% statement coverage, and test case T3 achieves 65% statement coverage.

Which of the following statements is necessarily true?

The combined statement coverage of T1, T2, and T3 is at least 165%
There exists at least one statement that is covered by all three test cases
The code under test contains at least 35% unreachable statements

may not have 35% unreachable statements, and full branch coverage uaranteed by the given information.

stion: 1235

udent grading system allows teachers to enter scores between 0 and 10 sive. The system displays a grade based on the following criteria:

is the MINIMAL set of test inputs that achieves 100% of the desired dary value coverage?

Explanation: The correct answer is B. Since all three test cases exercise the same functionality, there must be at least one statement that is covered by all three test cases. The other statements are not necessarily true - the combined coverage could be less than 165% if there is overlap between the test cases, the code is

Que

A. 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80, 89, 90, 100

B. 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80, 89, 90, 91, 99, 100

C. 0, 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80, 89, 90, 100

D. 0, 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80, 89, 90, 99, 100

Explanation: To achieve 100% boundary value coverage, the minimal set of test inputs should include the values at the boundaries (0, 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80, 89,

90, 99, 100) and one value on each side of the boundaries (91).

Question: 1236

ch of the following is a key advantage of the top-down integration stra mponent integration testing?

allows for early validation of the overall system architecture. enables the identification of defects in the lower-level components. provides a more gradual and controlled approach to integration.

facilitates the identification of interface defects between components. wer: A

anation: The key advantage of the top-down integration strategy is tha ws for early validation of the overall system architecture. By starting w igh-level components and gradually integrating the lower-level ponents, the top-down approach can help identify architectural issues a re the system's overall structure is sound.

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It
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It

Question: 1237

During the component testing phase for a new banking application, you identify a defect where the account balance displayed for a customer does not match the actual balance stored in the database.

use to investigate and resolve this defect?

Equivalence partitioning
Decision table testing
Boundary value analysis

anation: Boundary value analysis is the most appropriate testing techn vestigate and resolve the defect in the account management module of ing application.

ssue where the displayed account balance does not match the actual nce stored in the database suggests that the problem may be at the daries or limits of the input or output values. Boundary value analysis ses on testing the behavior of the system at the edges of the input and ut domains, which is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and reliability o cial transactions.

context of a banking application, the account balance is a critical pi mation that must be accurately displayed to the customer. By using dary value analysis, you can thoroughly test the application's handlin unt balances at the minimum, maximum, and other boundary values t ify any issues that may be causing the discrepancy between the displa tored balances.
Exploratory testing Answer: C

The i bala boun focu

Question: 1238

account profiles. During your testing, you discover that the application does not properly handle the case where a user tries to update their email address to an invalid format. Which testing technique would be the most appropriate to identify and document this defect?

Boundary value analysis
Decision table testing
se case testing wer: A
anation: Boundary value analysis is the most appropriate technique fo ario, as it focuses on testing the boundaries of input values. In this cas dary values would be the valid and invalid email address formats, and ases would verify the application's behavior at these boundaries.

stion: 1239

velopment team is integrating several components into a system. Whi ollowing testing activities should be prioritized during this stage?

nit testing cceptance testing
State transition testing
U

Que

U
A
Component integration testing
System testing Answer: C

Explanation: Component integration testing is the most critical testing activity during the component integration stage, as it focuses on evaluating how the

individual components work together and interact when integrated into the larger system. This helps identify any issues with the interfaces and interactions between the components.

Question: 1240

train the participants on the reviewed work product

validate the work product against the specified requirements provide feedback and suggestions for improving the work product assign tasks and responsibilities for the next stage of the project

anation: The primary purpose of conducting a walkthrough during a r ing is to provide feedback and suggestions for improving the work uct. The walkthrough allows the participants to review the work prod uestions, and offer their insights and recommendations for enhancing ty and effectiveness of the work product.

What is the primary purpose of conducting a walkthrough during a review meet

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