HANCB-ACRN Dumps

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Nursing


HANCB-ACRN


HANCB HIV- AIDS Certified Registered Nurse


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Question: 1


Which of the following is a key component of comprehensive case management for individuals living with HIV/AIDS?


  1. Administering antiretroviral therapy

  2. Conducting HIV testing and counseling


    erforming surgical interventions for HIV-related complications wer: C

    anation: Comprehensive case management for individuals living with AIDS involves a multi-disciplinary approach to address the various n individual. A key component of comprehensive case management is iding social support and linkage to resources. This includes assisting iduals in accessing healthcare services, mental health support, housin tance, financial resources, and other social services that can contribute overall well-being and quality of life. Administering antiretroviral the on A) is an important medical intervention but does not encompass th ety of case management. Conducting HIV testing and counseling (opti part of the diagnostic and preventive measures but does not address t prehensive needs of individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Performing cal interventions for HIV-related complications (option D) may be ssary in some cases but is not a core component of case management. efore, option C, providing social support and linkage to resources, is a

    Providing social support and linkage to resources

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Question: 2


Which of the following is a characteristic feature of AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC)?

  1. Progressive muscle wasting and weight loss

  2. Severe respiratory symptoms and chronic cough

  3. Development of opportunistic infections

    anation: AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC), also known as HIV-associ ocognitive disorder (HAND), is a neurological condition characterized ressive cognitive decline and neurological impairment. It is a common festation of advanced HIV infection and is associated with the direct otoxic effects of the virus. Symptoms of ADC include cognitive defici ory impairment, behavioral changes, motor dysfunction, and difficulti oncentration and attention. Progressive muscle wasting and weight l on A) are characteristic features of HIV-associated wasting syndrome. re respiratory symptoms and chronic cough (option B) may be seen in ratory infections associated with AIDS, such as Pneumocystis pneum

    evelopment of opportunistic infections (option C) is a general acteristic of advanced HIV infection but is not specific to ADC. There n D, neurological impairment and cognitive decline, is the characteris re of ADC.


    stion: 3


    ch of the following children with HIV should begin HAART?

    Neurological impairment and cognitive decline Answer: D

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  1. A 5-year-old HIV-infected child with CD4% of 15%

  2. A 12-year-old child who is a known long-term non-progressor with CD4 of 723

  3. A 4-year-old HIV-infected child with generalized lymphadenopathy

  4. A 3-year-old child with the first attack of acute otitis media

Answer: A


cation and improve immune function.

on B is incorrect because a CD4 count of 723 in a long-term non- ressor indicates a preserved immune function, and immediate initiatio ART may not be necessary.

on C is incorrect because generalized lymphadenopathy alone is not a ation for initiating HAART. Clinical symptoms and immunological cr to be considered together.

on D is incorrect because the first attack of acute otitis media, by itsel not warrant immediate initiation of HAART. The decision to initiate etroviral treatment should be based on immunological and clinical crit

than an isolated acute infection.


stion: 4


ch of the following laboratory tests is used to measure the amount of H in the blood?

Explanation: HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) is recommended for children with HIV who meet certain criteria, including a CD4 percentage below a certain threshold. In this case, the 5-year-old child with a CD4% of 15% would meet the criteria for initiating HAART. CD4% is an important indicator of immune function, and a percentage of 15% suggests significant immunosuppression, warranting antiretroviral treatment to suppress viral

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  1. ELISA

  2. Western blot

  3. PCR

  4. CD4 count Answer: C

tly measure viral load. CD4 count (option D) measures the number of

+ T cells in the blood and is an indicator of immune function but does tly measure viral replication. Therefore, option C, PCR, is the laborat sed to measure the amount of HIV RNA in the blood.


stion: 5


ch of the following best defines the term "retrovirus" in the context of AIDS?


virus that can only replicate within a host cell virus that infects the respiratory system

virus that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract virus that causes cancer in humans


wer: A


anation: A retrovirus is a type of virus that can only replicate within a

Explanation: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory test used to measure the amount of HIV RNA (viral load) in the blood. PCR amplifies and detects the genetic material (RNA in the case of HIV) of the virus, allowing for quantitative measurement of viral replication. Viral load testing provides information about the level of HIV replication in the body and is used to monitor disease progression, assess treatment effectiveness, and guide clinical management decisions. ELISA (option A) and Western blot (option B) are antibody-based tests used for HIV diagnosis and confirmation but do not

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cell. Retroviruses, including HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), have RNA astheir genetic material and use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA into DNA. This DNA is then integrated into the host cell's genome, allowing the virus to reproduce and persist within the host. HIV specifically targets immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, and replicates within these cells, leading to immune system dysfunction and the development of AIDS. Therefore, option A, a virus that can only replicate within a host cell,

best defines the term "retrovirus" in the context of HIV/AIDS.


Question: 6


Which of the following groups is at a higher risk of acquiring HIV through occupational exposure?


eachers

ffice workers onstruction workers


wer: A


anation: Healthcare workers, particularly those involved in direct pati are at a higher risk of acquiring HIV through occupational exposure. des exposure to contaminated blood or other body fluids through lestick injuries, cuts, or splashes to mucous membranes. Healthcare ngs often involve frequent contact with patients, some of whom may b

with HIV/AIDS, increasing the potential for occupational exposure. hers (option B), office workers (option C), and construction workers on D) typically have lower risks of occupational exposure to HIV pared to healthcare workers. However, it is important to note that univ autions and adherence to infection control measures are essential in all pational settings to minimize the risk of HIV transmission. Therefore, n A, healthcare workers, is at a higher risk of acquiring HIV through

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    Question: 7


    Which of the following best describes the concept of seroconversion in the context of HIV infection?

    1. The transition from being HIV-negative to HIV-positive

    2. The development of AIDS-related complications

    3. The transmission of HIV from mother to child during childbirth

    4. The acquisition of drug resistance mutations in the HIV genome Answer: A

    IV-positive. It occurs when antibodies to HIV are detectable in the dstream, indicating an immune response to the virus. During the initial s of HIV infection, individuals may be seronegative, meaning that HI odies are not yet detectable. As the immune system responds to the tion, seroconversion takes place, and HIV antibodies become detecta ugh laboratory tests such as ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent

    y) and Western blot. Therefore, option A, the transition from being H tive to HIV-positive, best describes the concept of seroconversion in t ext of HIV infection.


    stion: 8


    ch of the following is the primary mode of transmission for Chlamydi omatis?


    exual intercourse

    ertical transmission from mother to child ccupational exposure to infected blood

    Explanation: Seroconversion refers to the transition from being HIV-negative to H

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    Explanation: The primary mode of transmission for Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterial sexually transmitted infection, is sexual intercourse. Chlamydia is primarily transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an

    infected partner. It can also be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth (vertical transmission), but sexual intercourse is the most common route of transmission. Occupational exposure to infected blood (option C) is more relevant to bloodborne infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C. Transmission through contaminated food or water (option D) is not associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Therefore, option A, sexual intercourse, is the primary mode of transmission for Chlamydia trachomatis.


    stion: 9


    ch of the following is the most appropriate intervention for reducing t f HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID)?


    mplementing a needle exchange program romoting abstinence from drug use

    roviding educational pamphlets on safe injection practices ncreasing law enforcement efforts to reduce drug use


    wer: A


    anation: The most effective intervention for reducing the risk of HIV mission among people who inject drugs (PWID) is implementing a n ange program. Needle exchange programs provide sterile needles and ges to PWID in exchange for used ones, thereby reducing the sharing aminated needles and the risk of HIV transmission. These programs al offer education, counseling, and referral services, contributing to har

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    reduction and overall public health. Promoting abstinence from drug use (option B) may not be a realistic or feasible option for all individuals, and educational pamphlets alone (option C) may not adequately address the complex factors contributing to HIV transmission among PWID. Increasing law enforcement efforts (option D) may have unintended consequences, such as driving drug use underground and increasing the risk of HIV transmission due to unsafe injection practices. Therefore, option A, implementing a needle

    exchange program, is the most appropriate intervention to reduce the risk of HIV transmission among PWID.