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Massage & Bodywork Licensing Examination 2024
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Which of the following is the most common cause of plantar fasciitis?
Excessive pronation of the foot
Tight Achilles tendon
Obesity
Repetitive impact activities Answer: D
Explanation: The most common cause of plantar fasciitis is repetitive impact activities. Plantar fasciitis is an overuse injury caused by excessive stress and inflammation of the plantar fascia, the fibrous band of tissue running along the bottom of the foot. Activities involving repeated impact, such as running, walking, or standing for long periods, can overload the plantar fascia and lead to the development of plantar fasciitis. While factors like excessive foot pronation, tight Achilles tendon, and obesity can also contribute, the primary underlying cause is generally repetitive impact on the plantar fascia.
What is the name of the region of the stomach located between the body and the pylorus?
Cardia
Fundus
Antrum
Pylorus
Answer: C
Explanation: The antrum is the region of the stomach located between the body and the pylorus. This area is responsible for the final stages of food storage and mechanical breakdown before the contents are released into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.
A client presents with decreased range of motion on the transverse plane ankle plantar flexion test. This could indicate an impairment or dysfunction in which of the following structures?
Tibialis anterior muscle
Peroneus longus and brevis muscles
Flexor hallucis longus muscle
All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Decreased transverse plane ankle plantar flexion can indicate impairments or dysfunctions in the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus and brevis, and flexor hallucis longus muscles. These anterior and lateral compartment structures play a key role in facilitating and stabilizing ankle plantar flexion on the transverse plane.
A patient's blood pressure is measured as 128/82 mm Hg. According to the American Heart Association guidelines, this reading would be classified as:
Normal blood pressure
Elevated blood pressure
Stage 1 hypertension
Stage 2 hypertension Answer: A
Explanation: The American Heart Association defines normal blood pressure as less than 120/80 mm Hg. A reading of 128/82 mm Hg falls within the normal blood pressure range.
A client presents with a history of knee pain and swelling that is worse with activity and improves with rest. During the assessment, the therapist finds tenderness over the medial joint line, decreased knee flexion range of motion, and a positive McMurray test. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis for the client's knee condition?
Meniscal tear
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Osteoarthritis of the knee
Collateral ligament sprain Answer: A
Explanation: The combination of knee pain and swelling that is worse with activity, tenderness over the medial joint line, decreased knee flexion range of motion, and a positive McMurray test is most indicative of a meniscal tear. The McMurray test is a specific assessment maneuver for identifying meniscal pathology. In contrast, patellofemoral pain syndrome is typically associated with anterior knee pain and crepitus, osteoarthritis of the knee often involves more global joint line tenderness and decreased range of motion, and a collateral ligament sprain would typically involve more localized pain and instability along the affected ligament. The presentation and assessment findings in this case point most strongly to a meniscal tear as the underlying diagnosis.
What is the name of the muscle that forms the upper esophageal sphincter, which helps control the entry of the bolus into the esophagus?
Cricopharyngeus muscle
Diaphragm
Lower esophageal sphincter
Cardiac sphincter Answer: A
Explanation: The cricopharyngeus muscle forms the upper esophageal sphincter, which helps control the entry of the bolus from the throat into the esophagus during the swallowing process. This sphincter muscle plays a crucial role in the coordinated movement of the bolus through the digestive tract.
A client presents with decreased range of motion on the transverse plane wrist flexion test. This could indicate an impairment or dysfunction in which of the following structures?
Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis
Pronator teres and quadratus
Median and ulnar nerves
All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Decreased transverse plane wrist flexion can indicate impairments or dysfunctions in the flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis, pronator teres and quadratus, and median and ulnar nerves. These structures all play a role in facilitating and stabilizing wrist flexion on the transverse plane.
Which phase of the business planning process focuses on analyzing the current market and competition?
Implementation
Evaluation
Market analysis
Financial planning Answer: C
Explanation: The market analysis phase of the business planning process involves researching and analyzing the current market, industry trends, target audience, and competition. This information is essential for developing a
strategic business plan and making informed decisions about the business's positioning, marketing, and operations.
The curved, muscular structure that connects the soft palate to the posterior pharyngeal wall is called the:
Palatine arches
Palatine tonsils
Epiglottis
Uvula
Answer: A
Explanation: The palatine arches are the curved, muscular structures that connect the soft palate to the posterior pharyngeal wall. They play a role in swallowing and phonation.
The is the most important muscle for adduction and medial rotation of the arm.
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Deltoid Answer: B
Explanation: The latissimus dorsi is the most important muscle for adduction and medial rotation of the arm. This large, broad muscle originates from the lower back and inserts on the humerus, allowing for powerful movements that bring the arm toward the body and rotate it inward.
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?
Sternum
Ribs
Clavicle
Skull Answer: C
Explanation: The axial skeleton consists of the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column. The clavicle is part of the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs.
Which layer of the stomach wall contains the smooth muscle fibers responsible for the churning and mixing motion of the stomach?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
Answer: C
Explanation: The muscularis layer of the stomach wall contains the smooth muscle fibers responsible for the churning and mixing motion of the stomach. This layer consists of an outer longitudinal layer and an inner circular layer of smooth muscle, and the coordinated contractions of these muscle fibers create the characteristic movements that help to break down and mix the food during digestion.
Which type of proprioceptor is responsible for detecting the length and tension of a muscle?
Muscle spindle
Golgi tendon organ
Joint receptor
Pacinian corpuscle Answer: A
Explanation: Muscle spindles are the primary proprioceptors responsible for detecting the length and tension of a muscle. They contain specialized sensory receptors that monitor changes in muscle length and provide the central nervous system with feedback about the muscle's state of contraction or relaxation.
What is the role of the IP3R in the process of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) in excitable cells, such as cardiac myocytes?
The IP3R acts as the initial trigger for CICR by releasing calcium from the ER/SR
The IP3R is responsible for the amplification of the calcium signal during CICR
The IP3R coordinates the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium release during CICR
All of the above Answer: D
Explanation: In excitable cells like cardiac myocytes, the IP3R plays a crucial role in the process of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR):
The IP3R acts as the initial trigger, releasing a small amount of calcium from the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to IP3 signaling.
This initial calcium release then activates ryanodine receptors (RyR), the primary calcium release channels of the ER/SR, leading to a much larger and amplified calcium signal.
The IP3R coordinates the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium release, ensuring the proper propagation of the CICR signal throughout the cell.
The muscle tissue responsible for the involuntary contraction of the heart is:
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Visceral muscle Answer: C
Explanation: Cardiac muscle is the type of muscle tissue found in the heart and is responsible for the involuntary contraction of the heart chambers, allowing for the pumping of blood throughout the body. Cardiac muscle is under the control of the autonomic nervous system and is unique in its ability to contract and relax without conscious control.
A client with pes planus (flat feet) presents with pain and tenderness along the medial longitudinal arch. This is most likely due to .
Plantar fasciitis
Medial ankle bursitis
Posterior tibialis tendinopathy
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Answer: C
Explanation: Pes planus (flat feet) is often accompanied by overuse or dysfunction of the posterior tibialis tendon, which is a key stabilizer of the medial longitudinal arch. This can lead to posterior tibialis tendinopathy, characterized by pain and tenderness along the medial aspect of the ankle and foot. Plantar fasciitis typically causes pain on the sole of the foot, medial ankle bursitis causes swelling and pain on the medial malleolus, and tarsal tunnel syndrome causes numbness and tingling in the medial ankle and foot.
Which of the following is an example of a safety practice related to the massage therapy workspace?
Ensuring the workspace is well-lit and ventilated
Providing the client with a comfortable resting area
Maintaining a clean and organized workspace
All of the above Answer: D
Explanation: Ensuring the massage therapy workspace is well-lit and ventilated, providing the client with a comfortable resting area, and maintaining a clean and organized workspace are all examples of safety practices related to the massage therapy environment. These practices help to promote the overall safety and well-being of both the client and the massage therapist.
A client presents with decreased range of motion on the transverse plane hip abduction test. This could indicate an impairment or dysfunction in which of the following structures?
Tensor fasciae latae muscle
Piriformis muscle
Iliotibial band
All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Decreased transverse plane hip abduction can indicate impairments or dysfunctions in the tensor fasciae latae muscle, piriformis muscle, and iliotibial band. These structures all play a role in facilitating and stabilizing hip abduction on the transverse plane.
The specialized cells that detect light and sound in the sensory system are called:
Neurons
Receptors
Glial cells
Photoreceptors Answer: B
Explanation: Receptors are the specialized cells within the sensory system that detect various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, and temperature. These receptors convert the physical or chemical stimuli into electrical signals that are then transmitted to the brain for interpretation.
Which of the following is a CONTRAINDICATION for massage therapy?
Osteoarthritis
Hypertension
Diabetes
Anemia Answer: B
Explanation: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is generally considered a contraindication for massage therapy. The physical manipulation of soft tissues can potentially increase blood pressure and heart rate, which could be
dangerous for individuals with uncontrolled hypertension. Other conditions like osteoarthritis, diabetes, and anemia may have precautions or modifications for massage, but are not necessarily contraindications.
Which of the following nerves is most commonly involved in "Friday night paralysis" due to compression in the axillary region?
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Axillary nerve Answer: A
Explanation: The radial nerve is the most commonly involved nerve in "Friday night paralysis," a condition caused by compression of the nerve in the axillary region. This compression can occur due to prolonged sleeping in a particular position or leaning on the arm, leading to motor and sensory deficits in the distribution of the radial nerve.