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NLN Pharmacology
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Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacteria?
Ciprofloxacin
Metformin
mlodipine
wer: A
anation: Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic medication commonly prescrib he treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacteria. It ngs to a class of drugs called fluoroquinolones and works by inhibitin erial DNA synthesis, thereby killing the bacteria responsible for the tion.
tient with diabetes mellitus requires medication to regulate blood sug
s. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed for thi ose?
evothyroxine
Warfarin
A
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Methotrexate
Prednisone
Insulin Answer: D
Explanation: Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It is
commonly prescribed for patients with diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by impaired insulin production or utilization. Insulin helps to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells.
actions and spasms. Which of the following medications would be m opriate to treat this condition?
cetaminophen uprofen iazepam spirin
wer: C
anation: Diazepam is a medication commonly used to treat muscle sp nvoluntary muscle contractions. It belongs to a class of drugs called odiazepines, which have muscle relaxant properties. Diazepam acts o al nervous system to reduce muscle activity and promote relaxation.
A patient with a neurological disorder is experiencing involuntary muscle contr ost
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Which of the following genitourinary system disorders is characterized by the formation of kidney stones?
Urinary incontinence
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrolithiasis
Answer: D
Explanation: Nephrolithiasis is a genitourinary system disorder characterized by the formation of kidney stones. These stones can cause significant pain and may require medical intervention for their removal.
ch of the following musculoskeletal system disorders is characterized rogressive loss of bone density and increased risk of fractures?
steoporosis heumatoid arthritis steoarthritis
out
wer: A
anation: Osteoporosis is a musculoskeletal system disorder characteri e progressive loss of bone density, leading to an increased risk of ures. It commonly affects older individuals, particularly postmenopau en.
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Which of the following gastrointestinal system disorders is characterized by the inflammation and ulceration of the inner lining of the large intestine?
Gastritis
Ulcerative colitis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Peptic ulcer disease Answer: B
ch of the following integumentary system disorders is characterized b nic inflammation of the skin, with symptoms such as redness, itching, ng?
cne vulgaris czema osacea soriasis
wer: D
anation: Psoriasis is an integumentary system disorder characterized b nic inflammation of the skin. It typically presents with symptoms such ess, itching, and scaling. Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that ca a significant impact on a person's quality of life.
Explanation: Ulcerative colitis is a gastrointestinal system disorder characterized by the inflammation and ulceration of the inner lining of the large intestine. It is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that primarily affects the colon and rectum.
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A patient with a skin condition is prescribed a medication to reduce itching and inflammation. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate for this purpose?
Metformin
Acetaminophen
Amoxicillin
Hydrocortisone Answer: D
ce itching and inflammation of the skin. It is often prescribed for vari onditions, such as eczema, allergic reactions, and dermatitis. ocortisone works by suppressing the immune response and reducing t se of inflammatory substances in the skin.
ch component of the neurological system is responsible for the dination and control of voluntary movements?
pinal cord erebellum
edulla oblongata ypothalamus
wer: B
Explanation: Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid medication commonly used to redu ous
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Explanation: The cerebellum is responsible for the coordination and control of voluntary movements. It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance, posture, and smooth execution of motor skills.
Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed to relieve pain and
Metoprolol
Acetaminophen
Warfarin
anation: Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) monly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. It is often prescri onditions such as arthritis, musculoskeletal injuries, and other mmatory disorders. Ibuprofen works by inhibiting the production of
micals called prostaglandins, which are responsible for pain and mmation.
ch endocrine system disorder is caused by insufficient production or ective use of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels?
ypothyroidism yperthyroidism ddison's disease iabetes mellitus
Ibuprofen Answer: D
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Answer: D
Explanation: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine system disorder caused by insufficient production or ineffective use of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. It can result in various complications and requires careful management of blood sugar levels.
Which of the following cardiovascular system disorders is characterized by the inefficient pumping of blood by the heart, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion?
Hypertension
therosclerosis ongestive heart failure
wer: D
anation: Congestive heart failure is a cardiovascular disorder characte e heart's inability to pump blood efficiently, leading to inadequate tiss usion. It can result from various causes such as myocardial infarction, rtension, or valvular heart disease.
ch of the following minerals is primarily responsible for bone formati uman body?
otassium hloride alcium
Myocardial infarction
A
C
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Magnesium
Answer: C
Explanation: Calcium is the primary mineral responsible for bone formation in the human body. It plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density and
strength. Adequate calcium intake is essential for the prevention of osteoporosis and other bone-related disorders.
nticoagulants ntihistamines hemotherapeutic agents ntidepressants
wer: C
anation: Chemotherapeutic agents are medications commonly used in er treatment. They work by targeting and destroying cancer cells or iting their growth. Chemotherapy may involve the use of various dru h can be administered orally, intravenously, or through other routes, nding on the specific cancer type and treatment plan.
ch of the following medications is commonly used to reduce stomach
A patient undergoing cancer treatment is prescribed a medication that helps to destroy cancer cells or inhibit their growth. Which of the following types of medications is commonly used in cancer treatment?
A
A
C
A
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production and treat conditions such as gastric ulcers or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Acetaminophen
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
Amoxicillin
Answer: B
ch of the following pulmonary system disorders is characterized by ch mmation of the airways, leading to airflow limitation?
sthma neumonia
ulmonary embolism
hronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) wer: D
anation: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pulmona m disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, lea rflow limitation. It includes conditions such as chronic bronchitis and hysema.
Explanation: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication commonly used to reduce stomach acid production. It helps to relieve symptoms associated with gastric ulcers, GERD, and other acid-related conditions by suppressing acid secretion in the stomach.
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A patient with a respiratory condition is prescribed a medication that helps to widen the airways and improve breathing. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate for this purpose?
Metoprolol
Albuterol
Warfarin
Amlodipine
Answer: B
ratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary se (COPD). It works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, h helps to widen them and improve breathing.
ch of the following medications is commonly prescribed to treat high b ure and reduce the workload on the heart?
etformin igoxin isinopril urosemide
wer: C
anation: Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibit monly prescribed to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It works
Explanation: Albuterol is a bronchodilator medication commonly prescribed for respi
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relaxing blood vessels and reducing the workload on the heart, thereby helping to lower blood pressure levels.
Which of the following drug interactions results in the combined action of the drugs being greater than the sum of their individual effects?
Synergism
Antagonism
Addition
anation: Synergism refers to a drug interaction where the combined ef wo or more drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects. In
the action of the drugs taken together is considered total, leading to a nced therapeutic effect.
Displacement Answer: A
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