Question: 1 
A cerebral angiogram is ordered for a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This test is primarily used to: 
A. Assess the presence of a ringing sound in the ears 
B. Identify signs of previous infarction 
C. Identify the etiology of the bleed 
D. Evaluate the velocity of the blood 
Answer: C 
Explanation: A cerebral angiogram is a diagnostic test that uses X-rays and contrast dye to visualize the blood vessels in the brain. In the case of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), it can help identify the source or cause of the bleeding, which is the etiology of the bleed. 

Question: 2 
A patient with stroke presents with contralateral weakness affecting the lower face and body but sparing the upper limb. This pattern of weakness is known as: 
A. Monoparesis 
B. Paraparesis 
C. Hemiparesis 
D. Quadriparesis 
Answer: B 
Explanation: Paraparesis refers to weakness affecting the lower extremities. In the context of stroke, if the weakness is contralateral (on the opposite side) and specifically involves the lower face and body but spares the upper limb, it is called contralateral paraparesis. 

Question: 3 
Which of the following brain structures is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate? 
A. Thalamus 
B. Cerebellum 
C. Medulla oblongata 
D. Hypothalamus 
Answer: C 
Explanation: The medulla oblongata is located at the base of the brainstem and plays a crucial role in regulating essential functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. 

Question: 4 
Which term is used to describe conditions that can present with stroke-like symptoms but are not caused by an actual blockage or hemorrhage in the brain? 
A. Embolic strokes 
B. Transient ischemic attacks 
C. Lacunar infarctions 
D. Stroke mimics 
Answer: D Explanation: Stroke mimics are conditions that can mimic stroke symptoms but are not caused by a true vascular event in the brain. These conditions may include migraines, seizures, metabolic disorders, or other non-vascular causes. 

Question: 5 
Which of the following is an associated stroke disorder related to the etiology of stroke? 
A. Bell's palsy 
B. Atherosclerosis 
C. Migraine with aura 
D. Temporal arteritis 
Answer: B 
Explanation: Atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries, is an associated stroke disorder as it can lead to the narrowing or blockage of blood vessels supplying the brain, increasing the risk of stroke. 

Question: 6 
A patient presents with sudden weakness on one side of the body, slurred speech, and confusion. These symptoms are most consistent with which type of stroke? 
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) 
B. Hemorrhagic stroke 
C. Ischemic stroke 
D. Lacunar stroke Answer: C 
Explanation: The symptoms described, including sudden weakness on one side of the body, slurred speech, and confusion, are indicative of an ischemic stroke, which occurs when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in the brain. 

Question: 7 
Which cellular component is commonly associated with the concept of the "penumbra" in stroke? 
A. Endothelial cells 
B. Astrocytes 
C. Microglia 
D. Neurons 
Answer: D 
Explanation: The penumbra refers to the region of brain tissue surrounding the core ischemic area in an acute ischemic stroke. It consists of neurons that are at risk of irreversible damage but still potentially salvageable if blood flow is restored promptly. 

Question: 8 
Which term refers to the brain's ability to reorganize and form new neural connections after a stroke? 
A. Neuroplasticity 
B. Synaptogenesis 
C. Neurogenesis 
D. Myelination Answer: A 
Explanation: Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize its structure and function by forming new neural connections and pathways. It plays a crucial role in post-stroke recovery and rehabilitation. 

Question: 9 
What is the primary goal of initial triage in the management of acute stroke? 
A. Determine the stroke subtype 
B. Administer thrombolytic therapy 
C. Evaluate the patient's functional status 
D. Identify patients eligible for time-sensitive interventions 
Answer: D 
Explanation: The primary goal of initial triage in acute stroke management is to identify patients who may be eligible for time-sensitive interventions, such as thrombolytic therapy or mechanical thrombectomy, to improve outcomes.