What term refers to the underlying cause or origin of pain? 
A. Nociception 
B. Neuropathy 
C. Modulation 
D. Etiology 
Answer: D 
Explanation: Etiology refers to the underlying cause or origin of pain. It can include factors such as injury, inflammation, disease, or nerve damage. 
Question: 2 
Which term refers to the impact of pain on a person's overall well-being, daily functioning, and enjoyment of life? 
A. Pain tolerance 
B. Functional ability 
C. Pain interference 
D. Quality-of-life 
Answer: D 
Explanation: Quality-of-life refers to the impact of pain on a person's overall well-being, daily functioning, and enjoyment of life. It encompasses physical, psychological, social, and emotional aspects that can be affected by pain. 
Question: 3 
A. Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale 
B. McGill Pain Questionnaire 
C. Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) 
D. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 
Answer: D 
Explanation: The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a pain assessment technique that involves asking the patient to rate their pain intensity on a numerical scale, typically from 0 to 10 or from 0 to 100. The patient marks a point on the scale that corresponds to their perceived pain level. 

Question: 4 
Which model of pain management focuses on the multidimensional nature of pain and incorporates physical, psychological, and social aspects? 
A. Specificity theory 
B. Gate control theory 
C. Biopsychosocial model 
D. Neuromatrix theory 
Answer: C 
Explanation: The biopsychosocial model of pain management recognizes that pain is a complex experience influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. It emphasizes the importance of addressing all these dimensions in developing a comprehensive pain management plan. 
Which physiological mechanism of pain involves the conversion of a noxious stimulus into an electrical signal by sensory receptors? 
A. Perception 
B. Transmission 
C. Transduction 
D. Modulation 
Answer: C 
Explanation: Transduction is the physiological mechanism of pain that involves the conversion of a noxious stimulus (such as heat, pressure, or tissue damage) into an electrical signal by sensory receptors in the peripheral nervous system. 

Question: 6 
Which type of pain is caused by actual or potential tissue damage and is typically responsive to opioid analgesics? 
A. Nociplastic pain 
B. Neuropathic pain 
C. Nociceptive pain 
D. Acute pain 
Answer: C 
Explanation: Nociceptive pain is caused by actual or potential tissue damage and is typically responsive to opioid analgesics. It is a common type of pain that arises from the activation of nociceptors in the peripheral nervous system 

Question: 7 
Which statement best describes the physiological effects of uncontrolled pain? 
A. Improved sleep quality 
B. Decreased respiratory rate and depth 
C. Enhanced immune function 
D. Increased blood pressure and heart rate 
Answer: D 
Explanation: Uncontrolled pain can lead to physiological effects such as increased blood pressure and heart rate. Pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, which can result in systemic responses including increased cardiovascular activity. 

Question: 8 
Which type of pain is characterized by damage or dysfunction in the peripheral or central nervous system? 
A. Nociceptive pain 
B. Nociplastic pain 
C. Neuropathic pain 
D. Acute pain 
Answer: C 
Explanation: Neuropathic pain is caused by damage or dysfunction in the peripheral or central nervous system. It is often described as shooting, burning, 

Question: 9 
Which term is used to describe a collection of signs and symptoms that are characteristic of a specific pain condition? 
A. Pain descriptors 
B. Pain syndrome 
C. Pain assessment 
D. Pain history 
Answer: B 
Explanation: A pain syndrome refers to a collection of signs and symptoms that are characteristic of a specific pain condition or diagnosis. Examples include fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ). 

Question: 10 
Which pain management model emphasizes the importance of addressing physical, psychological, and social aspects of pain? 
A. Biopsychosocial model 
B. Gate control theory 
C. Specificity theory 
D. Neuromatrix theory 
Answer: A Explanation: The biopsychosocial model of pain management emphasizes the importance of addressing physical, psychological, and social aspects of pain. It recognizes that pain is a complex experience influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. 

Question: 11 
Which term refers to the words or phrases used by a patient to describe their pain experience? 
A. Pain descriptors 
B. Pain history 
C. Pain assessment 
D. Pain syndrome 
Answer: A 
Explanation: Pain descriptors refer to the words or phrases used by a patient to describe their pain experience. Descriptors can include characteristics such as sharp, dull, throbbing, or burning. 

Question: 12 
Which term refers to the underlying cause or origin of pain? 
A. Nociception 
B. Etiology 
C. Neuropathy 
D. Modulation 
Answer: B Explanation: Etiology refers to the underlying cause or origin of pain. It can include factors such as injury, inflammation, disease, or nerve damage. 

Question: 13 
Which physiological mechanism of pain involves the transmission of pain signals from the site of injury or stimulation to the brain? 
A. Transduction 
B. Transmission 
C. Perception 
D. Modulation 
Answer: B 
Explanation: Transmission is the physiological mechanism of pain that involves the transmission of pain signals from the site of injury or stimulation to the brain. It involves the propagation of electrical signals along the nerves.