Scrum



            PSK-I







            Professional Scrum with Kanban level I










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    Question: 41

    True or False: Scrum Events, Scrum Team Accountabilities, and Scrum Artifacts are augmented when using Scrum
    with Kanban. For example, having a clear indicator of the age of active Sprint Backlog items may help the Scrum
    Team during the Daily Scrum, helping them to better Inspect and Adapt their daily work.
    A. True
    B. False




    Answer: A


    Explanation:

    Adding Kanban to Scrum provides a technique to help the Scrum Team focus on driving a continuous flow of activity
    but does not negate value provided by the Scrum Events, Scrum Artifacts, and Scrum Team Accountabilities. However,
    flow-based metrics/charts & forecasts may get added to Scrum Events as per the Kanban Guide for Scrum Teams.

    Question: 42

    True or False: Work Item Age is a leading indicator for the length of the Scrum Team’s feedback loop for that (in
    progress) item.
    A. True
    B. False





    Answer: A

    Explanation:


    If an item is aging quite a bit it is certainly an indication that its Cycle Time will be high. Cycle Time throughout the
    Scrum Team’s definition of Workflow can also be considered the length of the team’s feedback loop.

    Question: 43


    In the middle of a Sprint, a Product Owner has requested the Developers to add a new urgent item to their Sprint
    Backlog. The team is currently at their WIP Limit.




    Which would be the two most appropriate responses? (choose the two best answers)
    A. Reject the urgent item because the WIP Limits do not allow it. Tell the Product Owner to wait until the next Sprint.
    B. Add the urgent item to their Sprint Backlog but only start working on that new item when enough room frees up.
    C. Take on the urgent item as an exception to the WIP Limits, pushing this item along on top of the existing flow and
    note a WIP exception.
    D. Adjust the WIP Limits to allow for taking on the extra item and update their definition of Workflow.





    Answer: B,C

    Explanation:

    In case an item is pulled into the Sprint Backlog, the Developers need to figure out whether they can actually start it
    right away. This depends on the WIP limits and the current WIP. If the team is at their WIP limit they shouldn’t pull
    in that new item until some room frees up. If their backlog items are pretty small, an empty WIP slot will free up pretty
    quickly. If items are big, it can take a while.

    The longer it might take to get a normal pull slot ready, the more pressure there might be to actually expedite this card,
    going beyond the current WIP limits, and pushing this item along on top of the existing flow. The typical way to do
    this is NOT to change the WIP limit definition but to go above WIP and note a WIP exception. These exceptions can
    then be a topic for inspection and adaptation come time to retrospect.

    Question: 44


    Reducing batch sizes might have the following impact: (choose all that apply)
    A. Highlight a need to improve processes/infrastructure to reduce the pain of frequent costly overhead.
    B. Improving efficiency due to faster feedback loops.
    C. Lower efficiency due to overhead/transaction costs in case the batch size is too small.
    D. Higher motivation due to seeing your work get done and deliver value earlier.





    Answer: A,B,C,D

    Explanation:


    Reducing batch sizes is a powerful lever with many potential effects. Finding the right batch size requires inspection
    and adaptation by the Scrum Team based on seeing their flow in action and the effect on different soft and hard
    metrics.

    Question: 45


    What can a specific work item’s Cycle Time metric be used for? (choose the best three answers)
    A. To influence the team’s Service Level Expectation (SLE).
    B. To help the team inspect and adapt their process.
    C. As a leading indicator to the length of feedback loop for that Work Item.
    D. As a lagging indicator to the length of feedback loop for that Work Item.
    E. To help the team inspect and adapt their Sprint in the Daily Scrum.





    Answer: A,B,D




    Explanation:

    Cycle time metric is a lagging indicator of flow. It is available only after an item is actually finished from the
    workflow perspective (e.g. reached a Done lane on the Kanban board). It is typically used to drive improvement work
    as well as to be able to establish internal/external expectations as to the team’s turnaround time on specific items.

    WIP and Work Item Age are leading indicators for the length of feedback loop of a Work Item and inspecting and
    adaptation of the Sprint at the Daily Scrum.


    Question: 46

    The basic metrics of flow that Scrum Teams using Kanban will need to track are: (choose the four best answers)
    A. Lead Time
    B. Velocity
    C. Work in Progress (WIP)
    D. Cycle Time
    E. Throughput
    F. Work Item Age





    Answer: C,D,E,F

    Explanation:


    The four basic metrics of flow that Scrum Teams using Kanban need to track are as follows:

    Work in Progress (WIP): The number of work items started but not finished.

    Cycle Time: The amount of elapsed time between when a work item starts and when a work item finishes.


    Work Item Age: The amount of time between when a work item started and the current time. This applies only to
    items that are still in progress.


    Throughput: The number of work items finished per unit of time.

    Question: 47

    Which of these are LEAST likely to be included in the definition of "Workflow" policies? (choose the best three
    answers)
    A. Definition of Done.
    B. Work Item types.
    C. Pull/prioritization policies.
    D. A Gantt chart.
    E. Service Level Expectations.
    F. The Increment.
    G. A Burndown chart.
    H. Visualization policies.
    I. WIP Limits.





    Answer: D,F,G




    Explanation:

    The definition of "Workflow" includes a shared understanding within the Scrum Team of how work is defined (work
    items), the start state of the process, the active states for the work items, and the finished state of the process.

    This includes a description of:

    Defined points at which the Scrum Team considers work to have started and to have finished.


    A definition of the individual units of customer value that are flowing through the Scrum Team’s system (most likely
    Product Backlog Items (PBIs).

    A definition of the workflow states that the PBIs flow through from start to finish (of which there must be at least one
    active state).

    Explicit policies about how work flows through each state (which may include items from a Scrum Team’s definition
    of "Done" and pull policies between stages). A definition of how Work in Progress (WIP) will be limited.

    A set Service Level Expectation (SLE) that communicates a forecast of how long it should take to complete work
    items.

    This definition of "Workflow" is a strategic level whereas specific tools and artifacts are tactical and executional level.

    Question: 48


    Which two items would you expect to see in a service level expectation (SLE)? (choose the best two answers)
    A. A probability
    B. A period off elapsed day
    C. A forecasted date
    D. A cost of engineering




    Answer: A,B


    Explanation:

    An SLE forecasts how long it should take a given item to flow from start to finish within your workflow. The SLE
    itself has two parts: a period of elapsed days and a probability associated with that period (e.g., "85% of work items
    will be finished in 8 days or less" which can also be stated as "8 days with 85% confidence/probability").

    Question: 49


    Workflow can be thought of as the Scrum Team’s policy for which of the following? (choose the best answer)
    A. Defining when development is complete and validation begins.
    B. How to get work done.
    C. How to increase the Team’s WIP limit.
    D. What completed work looks like.




    Answer: B


    Explanation:

    This is similar to how the Definition of Done can be considered the team’s policies for what done looks like.


    Question: 50

    Little’s Law is extremely valuable for directly predicting the future since it gives us a measure of what happened in the
    past? (Choose the best answer)
    A. True – By understanding our Cycle Time we can use Little’s Law to reduce our WIP limits.
    B. False – Relying only on your Cycle Time measurements may incorrectly influence you to cut your WIP limits.





    Answer: B

    Explanation:


    Little’s law cannot predict the future. For example, the effect of reducing WIP limits cannot be predicted – it depends
    on whether the Scrum Team can achieve effective flow with lower WIP limits.













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