Question: 1 Which interventional radiology procedure involves the placement of a mesh-like device to prevent blood clots from traveling to the lungs? A. Cardiac catheterization B. Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement C. Thrombectomy D. Thrombolysis Answer: B Explanation: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement is an interventional radiology procedure that involves the placement of a mesh-like device in the inferior vena cava, a large vein that carries blood from the lower body to the heart. The IVC filter is designed to catch and trap blood clots, preventing them from traveling to the lungs and causing a pulmonary embolism. Question: 2 Which imaging technique is most commonly used for the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer? A. Stereotactic biopsy B. Breast MRI C. Breast ultrasound D. Mammography Answer: D Explanation: Mammography is the imaging technique most commonly used for the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. It involves the use of low-dose X-rays to produce detailed images of the breast tissue. Mammograms can detect early signs of breast cancer, such as microcalcifications or suspicious masses, and are an essential tool in breast cancer screening programs. Question: 3 Which imaging modality is commonly used to deliver localized radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer? A. Radiation therapy B. MRI C. PET scan D. CT scan Answer: A Explanation: Radiation therapy is a treatment modality used to deliver localized radiation to cancerous tumors for the purpose of destroying cancer cells. It involves the use of specialized equipment that delivers high-energy radiation beams precisely to the target area. CT scans and MRIs may be used for treatment planning, but the actual delivery of radiation is performed using dedicated radiation therapy machines. Question: 4 Which radiologic procedure involves the injection of a radioactive tracer to study the function of the thyroid gland? A. Bone scan B. Thyroid scan C. Hysterosalpingogram D. Liver-spleen scan Answer: B Explanation: A thyroid scan involves the injection of a radioactive tracer to study the function of the thyroid gland. The radioactive tracer is taken up by the thyroid gland, and images are obtained to evaluate its size, shape, and activity. Thyroid scans are commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as thyroid nodules, goiter, and thyroid cancer. Question: 5 Which nuclear medicine study is commonly used to evaluate the perfusion of the lungs? A. Thyroid scan B. VQ scan C. Bone scan D. Renogram Answer: B Explanation: VQ scan (ventilation-perfusion scan) is a nuclear medicine study commonly used to evaluate the perfusion of the lungs. It involves the inhalation of a radioactive gas (ventilation component) and the injection of a radioactive substance into the bloodstream (perfusion component). The images obtained from the VQ scan can help assess lung function and detect abnormalities such as pulmonary embolism. Question: 6 Which imaging modality is commonly used to evaluate the blood flow in the coronary arteries and diagnose coronary artery disease? A. CT scan B. MRI C. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) D. Coronary CTA Answer: D Explanation: Coronary CTA (computed tomography angiography) is commonly used to evaluate the blood flow in the coronary arteries and diagnose coronary artery disease. It involves the use of a CT scanner and a contrast agent to produce detailed images of the coronary arteries, allowing for the detection of blockages or narrowing that may be indicative of coronary artery disease. Question: 7 Which imaging technique is most commonly used for the evaluation of abdominal organs and the detection of abnormalities? A. MRI B. Fluoroscopy C. CT scan Answer: C Explanation: CT scan (computed tomography) is the imaging technique most commonly used for the evaluation of abdominal organs and the detection of abnormalities. It provides detailed cross-sectional images of the abdomen, allowing for the visualization of organs such as the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and intestines. CT scans can help identify tumors, infections, inflammation, and other conditions affecting the abdominal area. Question: 8 Which interventional radiology procedure involves the insertion of a catheter into the heart to assess its function and anatomy? A. Cardiac catheterization B. Angiography C. Port placement D. Transjugular liver biopsy Answer: A Explanation: Cardiac catheterization is an interventional radiology procedure that involves the insertion of a catheter into the heart to assess its function and anatomy. It is commonly used to diagnose and treat various heart conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart valve abnormalities, and congenital heart defects. Cardiac catheterization can provide valuable information about blood flow, pressure measurements, and the presence of blockages or abnormalities in the heart. Question: 9 Which imaging technique utilizes sound waves to produce real-time images of internal structures? A. CT scan B. MRI C. Ultrasound D. PET scan Answer: C Explanation: Ultrasound utilizes sound waves to produce real-time images of internal structures. It is a non-invasive imaging technique that is commonly used to visualize organs, blood vessels, and soft tissues. Ultrasound imaging is widely used in various medical specialties, including radiology, obstetrics, and cardiology. Question: 10 Which imaging technique is commonly used to assess the anatomy and function of the heart, including the evaluation of heart valves? A. CT/fluoroscopy B. MRI C. Echo D. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) Answer: D Explanation: Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is an imaging technique commonly used to assess the anatomy and function of the heart, including the evaluation of heart valves. It involves the insertion of a specialized probe into the esophagus, which provides detailed images of the heart from a close proximity. TEE is particularly useful for visualizing the posterior structuresof the heart, such as the mitral valve. Question: 11 Which nuclear medicine study is commonly used to assess the function of the thyroid gland? A. Bone scan B. Thyroid scan C. VQ scan D. Nuclear cardiology Answer: B Explanation: A thyroid scan is a nuclear medicine study that is commonly used to assess the function of the thyroid gland. It involves the administration of a radioactive tracer that is taken up by the thyroid gland, allowing for the evaluation of its size, shape, and function. This study can help diagnose conditions such as hyperthyroidism and thyroid nodules. Question: 12 Which interventional radiology procedure involves the injection of medication directly into a blood clot to dissolve it? A. Plasty B. Catheter placement C. Vertebroplasty D. Thrombolysis Answer: D Explanation: Thrombolysis is an interventional radiology procedure that involves the injection of medication directly into a blood clot to dissolve it. This procedure can be used to treat conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or arterial thrombosis. It helps restore blood flow and prevent further complications associated with blood clots. Question: 13 In breast imaging, which modality is primarily used for guiding stereotactic biopsies? A. Breast ultrasound B. Breast MRI C. Mammography D. Stereotactic biopsy is not guided by imaging Answer: C Explanation: Mammography is the primary modality used for guiding stereotactic biopsies. It provides detailed images of the breast tissue to accurately target the area of concern for biopsy. Breast MRI and ultrasound may be used as supplemental imaging modalities, but they are not typically used for guiding stereotactic biopsies. Question: 14 Which imaging technique is commonly used to visualize the biliary system and diagnose conditions such as gallstones? A. Hepatobiliary (HIDA) scan B. Barium enema (BE) C. Hysterosalpingogram D. Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series Answer: A Explanation: The hepatobiliary (HIDA) scan is commonly used to visualize the biliary system and diagnose conditions such as gallstones. It involves the injection of a radioactive tracer that is taken up by the liver and excreted into the bile. The tracer can then be tracked using gamma cameras to evaluate the flow of bile and detect any abnormalities. Question: 15 Which interventional radiology procedure involves the placement of a catheter to deliver chemotherapy or other medications directly into a tumor? A. Thrombolysis B. Tumor ablation C. Transjugular intrahepatic portal shunt D. Catheter placement Answer: D Explanation: Catheter placement is an interventional radiology procedure that involves the placement of a catheter to deliver chemotherapy or other medications directly into a tumor. This technique allows for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, minimizing their systemic effects and maximizing their efficacy within the tumor. Catheter placement can be used in the treatment of various cancers, including liver tumors, lung tumors, and certain types of brain tumors. Question: 16 Which imaging modality is most commonly used to assess coronary artery disease? A. Mammography B. Fluoroscopy C. CT scan D. Magnetic resonance angiography Answer: C Explanation: CT scan (computed tomography) is the imaging modality most commonly used to assess coronary artery disease. It can provide detailed images of the coronary arteries, allowing for the detection of blockages or narrowing. CT scans are often performed with the use of contrast media to enhance the visualization of the coronary arteries. Question: 17 Which ultrasound-guided procedure involves the removal of fluid from the peritoneal cavity? A. Line placement B. Thoracentesis C. Biopsy D. Paracentesis Answer: D Explanation: Paracentesis is an ultrasound-guided procedure that involves the removal of fluid from the peritoneal cavity, which is the space within the abdomen that contains organs such as the liver, intestines, and spleen. It is performed to relieve symptoms caused by excessive fluid accumulation, such as in cases of ascites. Question: 18 Which interventional radiology procedure is used to treat a blocked blood vessel by mechanically removing the clot? A. Thrombolysis B. Embolotherapy C. Thrombectomy D. Vertebroplasty Answer: C Explanation: Thrombectomy is an interventional radiology procedure used to treat a blocked blood vessel by mechanically removing the clot. It involves the use of specialized instruments to physically extract the clot, restoring blood flow in the affected vessel. Thrombectomy is commonly performed in cases of acute arterial occlusion or deep vein thrombosis.