22-AK-C Exam Information and Outline
Certified General Appraiser
Syllabus Update Checked on: November 10, 2026
22-AK-C Exam Syllabus & Study Guide
Before you start practicing with our exam simulator, it is essential to understand the
official 22-AK-C exam objectives. This course outline serves as your roadmap.
The information below reflects the 2026 syllabus defined by
Appraisal-Institute.
Below are complete topics detail with latest syllabus and course outline, that will help you good knowledge about exam objectives and topics that you have to prepare. These contents are covered in questions and answers pool of exam.
- Exam Format
- Computer-based multiple-choice national examination for the Certified General classification
- Basic Appraisal Principles
- Real property concepts, rights and interests
- Economic principles of value: supply and demand, substitution, contribution, conformity
- Legal Considerations
- Forms of ownership, legal descriptions, public and private restrictions
- Transfer of title and encumbrances
- Influences on Real Estate Value
- Physical, economic, governmental and social forces
- Types of Value and Valuation Process
- Market value and other value definitions
- Scope of work and problem identification
- Real Estate Finance and Market Analysis
- Mortgage types, financing terms and cash equivalency
- Market analysis, absorption and feasibility
- Highest and Best Use
- As vacant and as improved; legally permissible, physically possible, financially feasible, maximally productive
- Site Valuation
- Sales comparison, allocation, extraction and ground rent capitalization
- Cost Approach
- Reproduction vs. replacement cost; depreciation (physical, functional, external)
- Sales Comparison Approach
- Selecting comparables; quantitative and qualitative adjustments
- Income Approach
- Income approach: direct capitalization, yield capitalization (DCF), rent and expense analysis, lease analysis
- Reconciliation and Report Writing
- Statistics, Modeling and Finance
- Descriptive statistics, regression and automated valuation concepts
- USPAP and Appraisal Ethics
- Ethics, competency, scope of work and record keeping rules
- Standards 1–4 for real property appraisal and review