ABVM-ENDO Exam Format | Course Contents | Outline | Syllabus | Objectives

ABVM-ENDO Exam Syllabus & Study Guide

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The information below reflects the 2026 syllabus defined by APCA.

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Exam Code: ABVM ENDO Exam Name: American Board of Vascular Medicine Endovascular Medicine Number of Questions: 135 multiple-choice questions. Time Allotted: 180 minutes (3 hours) Passing Score: 300 to 700 To pass, you must achieve a scaled score of at least 555. - Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Screening - Pathophysiology - Arterial Diseases: Atherosclerosis, plaque rupture, thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, restenosis, aneurysm formation, dissection. - Venous Diseases: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), varicose veins, post-thrombotic syndrome. - typical Vascular Disorders: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), vasculitis (e.g., Takayasu, giant cell arteritis), Buerger's disease, Raynaud's phenomenon, popliteal entrapment - drome, cystic adventitial disease. - Lymphatic Diseases: Lymphedema (primary/secondary), lymphangitis. - Epidemiology and Risk Factors - Arterial: Smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, age, family history, chronic kidney disease. - Venous: Immobility, surgery, cancer, hypercoagulable states (Factor V Leiden, antithrombin deficiency), oral contraceptives. - Clinical Standards for Screening - Ankle-brachial index (ABI) thresholds, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening in men >65 with smoking history, carotid screening in high-risk patients. - Atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, Virchow's triad, Rutherford classification (for PAD), CEAP classification (for venous disease). - Diagnosis and Testing - History and Physical Examination - Arterial: Claudication, critical limb ischemia (CLI), rest pain, tissue loss; pulses (femoral, popliteal, pedal), bruits, dependent rubor, ulcers. - Venous: Leg swelling, pain worse with dependency, varicose veins, stasis dermatitis, ulcers (medial malleolus). - Atypical: String-of-beads appearance (FMD), livedo reticularis (vasculitis). - Lymphatic: Pitting/non-pitting edema, Stemmer's sign. - Differential Diagnosis, Imaging, and Laboratory Evaluation - Arterial: Duplex ultrasound, CTA/MRA, angiography; ABI, toe-brachial index (TBI), pulse volume recordings (PVR). - Venous: Duplex for reflux/DVT, venography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). - Atypical: Specific imaging for vasculitis (PET-CT), entrapment (provocative maneuvers). - Duplex ultrasound (reflux >0.5-1s), ABI <0.9 (PAD), D-dimer, Wells score (DVT/PE), TASC classification (aortoiliac lesions). - Treatment and Interventions - Endovascular Interventions and Surgery - Arterial: Angioplasty (PTA), stenting (self-expanding, balloon-expandable, drug-eluting, covered), atherectomy (directional, orbital, laser), thrombolysis/catheter-directed therapy (CDT). - Sites: Aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, tibial, renal, carotid, subclavian. - Aneurysm: EVAR (endovascular aneurysm repair), fenestrated/branched grafts. - Venous: Venous stenting (iliac veins for May-Thurner), IVC filter placement/retrieval, venous ablation (radiofrequency, laser), sclerotherapy. - Atypical: Embolization for aneurysms/malformations, stenting for FMD/entrapment. - Procedural Complications - Arterial: Dissection, perforation, embolization, access site hematoma, contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), radiation injury. - Venous: Thrombosis post-stenting, filter migration/fracture, pulmonary embolism during intervention. - Atypical: Compartment syndrome, reperfusion injury. - Medical Treatment - Arterial: Antiplatelets (aspirin, clopidogrel), statins, cilostazol, anticoagulation (DOACs, warfarin). - Venous: Anticoagulation (heparin, DOACs), compression therapy. - Atypical: Immunosuppression for vasculitis. - Lymphatic: Compression garments, manual lymphatic drainage. - Clinical Guidelines for Intervention - Indications per SVS/ESVS/ACC guidelines: CLI vs. lifestyle-limiting claudication, TASC II/III lesions, chronic total occlusions (CTO). - Chronic total occlusion (CTO), drug-coated balloon (DCB), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), thrombolysis (tPA), dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), Rutherford/Boland categories, Fontaine stages. - Prognosis, Surveillance, and Re-intervention - Arterial: Patency rates (primary/secondary), limb salvage, amputation-free survival; duplex surveillance post-EVAR/stenting. - Venous: Post-thrombotic syndrome risk, recurrence rates. - Atypical: Disease progression in vasculitis/FMD. - Endoleak (Types I-V post-EVAR), in-stent restenosis (ISR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), duplex criteria for restenosis (>50% velocity ratio >2-3).